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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dartos Muscle |
smooth muscle that wrinkles scrotal skin |
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Cremaster Muscle |
band of skeletal muscles that elevate the testes. - keep testes 3 degrees celsius lower than body temp |
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Seminiferous Tubules |
- each ball has this - they uncoil leading to straight tubules |
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Rete Testis |
these form by the straight tubules interconnecting |
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Epididymis |
rete testis connect to efferent ductules which lead to here |
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Interstitial cells |
produce/release testosterone |
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Spermatogenesis |
- process of sperm maturing - while maturing, they embed in nurse cells - upon maturation, they enter the lumen of the seminiferous tubules |
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Head of Spermatozoon |
- contains chromosomes - acrosomal cap w/ enzymes - enzymes that are responsible for fertilizing eggs |
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Middle Piece of Spermatozoon |
contains mitochondria |
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Tail of Spermatozoon |
- tail called flagella - mobility |
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Vas Deferens |
- tail of epididymis - goes thru abdominal cavity via inguinal canal - before going into prostate, it expands & becomes the ejaculatory gland |
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Ejaculatory Duct |
- within prostate gland |
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Prostatic Urethra |
part of urethra going thru the prostate |
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Membranous Urethra |
merging of prostatic urethra & ejaculatory duct & run through pelvic floor |
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Spongy Urethra |
passes through penis - also known as penile urethra |
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Seminal Vesicles |
- 60% of semen volume - lots of fructose, prostaglandins, clotting factors - contents empty into vas deferens |
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Prostate Gland |
- contents empty into prostatic urethra - 20-30% urine volume - weakly acidic |
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Bulbourethral Glands |
- paired glands in base of penis - 5% of semen volume - contents empty in penile urethra - secretes cum |
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Root of Penis |
attached to ischial ramus |
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Body of Penis |
has erectile tissue |
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Glans of Penis |
- expanded distal end of penis - surrounds external urethral orifice |
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FSH in Males |
- stimulates testicular growth - enhances production of something that helps sperm cells mature |
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LH in males |
stimulates cell production of testosterone |
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Inhibin |
decreases sperm count when it's too high |
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Testosterone |
sex hormone in males |
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Spermatogonia |
cell produced at an early stage in the formation of spermatozoa, formed in the wall of a seminiferous tubule and giving rise by mitosis to spermatocytes. |
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Primary Spermatocyte |
gives rise by meiosis to two haploid cells |
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Secondary Spermatocyte |
gives rise to spermatids |
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Spermatid |
immature male sex cell formed from a spermatocyte that can develop into a spermatozoon without further division. |
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Spermatic Cord |
-suspends to testis and scrotum and contains structures running to and from the testis. - begins at the deep inguinal ring to the inferior epigastric vessels - passes through the inguinal canal - exits at superficial inguinal ring - ends in scrotum at posterior border of the testis |
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Ovaries |
- Cortex: gamete production - Medulla |
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Uterine Tubes |
- Infundibulum: numerous fimbriae, inner lining contains cilia - ampulla - Isthmus - smooth muscle |
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Uterosacral Ligament |
extend from lateral edge of the uterus to the anterior surface of sacrum |
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Round Ligaments |
extend from lateral edge of uterus just inferior to base of uterine tubes, pass thru inguinal canal to connective tissue of external genitalia |
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Cardinal Ligaments |
extend from base of uterus & vagina to lateral walls of pelvis |
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Vulva |
entire genitalia area |
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Vestibule |
opening into vagina |
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Clitoris |
erectile tissue |
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Labia Majores & Mons Pubis |
forms lateral and superior edges of vestiuble |
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Lobes of Mammary Glands |
milk leaves the lobes |
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Lactiferous Ducts |
ducts that lead to the nipple |
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Oogonia |
an immature female reproductive cell that gives rise to primary oocytes by mitosis |
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Primary Oocyte |
During oogenesis, the oogonia become primary oocytes |
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Secondary Oocyte |
an oocyte in which the first meiotic division is completed. The second meiotic division usually stops short of completion unless fertilization occurs |
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Ovum |
a mature female reproductive cell, especially of a human that can divide to give rise to an embryo usually only after fertilization by a male cell |
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Polar Body |
each of the small cells that bud off from an oocyte at the two meiotic divisions and do not develop into ova |
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Primordial Follicle |
these turn into follicles that enter the menstrual cycle |
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Primary Follicle |
immature ovarian follicle in which the developing oocyte is surrounded by a layer or layers of cuboidal or columnar follicular cells |
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Secondary Follicle |
a maturing ovarian follicle consisting of an oocyte surrounded by two or more layers of tall, supporting granulosa cells |
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Graafian Follicle |
a fluid-filled structure in the mammalian ovary within which an ovum develops before ovulation |
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Corpus Luteum |
is a temporary endocrine structure involved in ovulation and early pregnancy |
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Antrum |
the portion of an ovarian follicle filled with follicular fluid. - Appearance of the antrum during follicular maturation is the first sign that a follicle has reached the next stage of maturation. It has changed from a primary follicle to a secondary follicle. |
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Proliferative Phase |
stage of the menstrual cycle in which ovarian follicles, structures in the ovary that each contain a single egg, mature and prime themselves for ovulation |
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Menstruation Phase |
Menstruation is triggered when the corpus luteum of last cycle’s unfertilized egg ceases to produce progesterone, usually occurring about two weeks after ovulation, and encourages the uterine lining to shed along with a bit of blood |
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Secretory Phase |
- progesterone is produced - when progesterone is secreted, it tries to prevent the endometrium from breaking down |
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FSH in Females |
Follicle stimulating hormone: this hormone stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in the ovary before the release of an egg from one follicle at ovulation. It also increases oestradiol production. |
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LH in Females |
triggers ovulation & development of corpus luteum |
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Progesterone |
female sex hormone produced mainly in the ovaries following ovulation each month. - It's a crucial part of the menstrual cycle and maintenance of pregnancy |
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PRL |
enables females to produce milk |
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Oxytocin |
The release of oxytocin by the pituitary gland acts to regulate two female reproductive functions: Childbirth & Breast-feeding. |
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Mammary Gland |
alveoli lined with milk-secreting cuboidal cells and surrounded by myoepithelial cells. - alveoli join to form groups known as lobules - each lobule has a lactiferous duct that drains into openings in the nipple |
