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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are anions?
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negatively charged ions
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What are cations?
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positively charged ions
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The kidneys regulate ___________, ____________, __________, and _________.
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fluid volume
electrolytes acids bases |
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Most diuretics act by _________________.
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blocking sodium reabsorption in the nephron
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The most efficacious diuretics are those that affect the ______________.
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loop of Henle
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The most commonly prescribed loop diuretic is _________.
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furosemide (Lasix)
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Name two other loop diruetics.
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bumetanid (Bumex)
ethacrynic acid (Edecrin) torsemide (Demadex) |
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The most widely prescribed class of diuretics are the _______.
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thiazides
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Give four examples of thiazide diuretics.
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chlorothiazide (Diuril)
methylclothiazide (Aquatensin, Enduron) trichlormethiazide (Metahydrin, Naqua, Niazide, Diurese) polythiazide (Renese)hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril, HCTZ) |
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Give two causes of respiratory acidosis.
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hypoventilation
airway constriction damage to respiratory center in medulla |
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Give two causes of metabolic acidosis.
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severe diarrhea
kidney failure diabetes mellitus excess alcohol ingestion starvation |
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Give two causes of respiratory alkalosis.
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hyperventilation due to
asthma high altitude anxiety |
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Give two causes of metabolic alkalosis.
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constipation for prolonged periods
ingestion of excess sodium bicarbonate diruetics that cuase potassium depletion severe vomiting |
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Acidosis occurs at a pH below what value?
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7.35
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Alkalosis occurs at a pH above what value?
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7.45
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Name four cations found in the blood.
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calcium Ca++
magnesium Mg++ potassium K+ sodium Na+ |
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Name four anions found in the blood.
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bicarbonate HCO3--
chloride CL- phosphate PO4- or HPO4-- sulfate SO4-- |
