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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Major function of urinary system?
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excretion
has a high filtration rate |
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What percent of filtrate is excreted and reabsorbed?
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1% excreted
99% resorbed |
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Other important functions of the urinary system:
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retain water and salt
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ADH is what?
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Anti Diuretic Hormone
Makes your body keep fluid |
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Where does filtration and resorbtion occur?
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In the kidneys
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What structure takes urine from the kidney to the bladder?
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Ureter
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Where is urine stored?
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Bladder
Muscle-lined, stretches as it fills |
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What structure is between the bladder and outside body?
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Urethra
Has two sphincters: voluntary (internal, smooth muscle) involuntary (external, skeletal) |
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What is the purpose of perirenal fat?
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Protection of the kidney. Cushions
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Cortex of kidney
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Outer area
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Renal columns
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In the cortex of kidney. Hypoosmotic
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Medulla
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Inner area of kidney
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Renal pyramids
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In the medulla. Hyperosmotic (more water so more solutes dissolve)
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Calyces
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Major- converge to form pelvis
Minor- papillae extend |
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Nephron
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Smallest functional unit of kidney.
Put a bunch together and it gives the kidney it's function. |
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Where is the filtrate?
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Inside kidney
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A renal corpuscle includes which two major structures?
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Bowman's capsule & Glomerulus
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Bowman's capsule is what?
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It's in the nephron
Has a parietal layer and a visceral layer. Visceral layer is where filtration takes place. Only small substances (salts or ions) and fluid (H2O) can pass |
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Glomerulus
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Network of capillaries
Part of cardiovascular system |
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Afferent arterioles
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Take blood TO glomerulus
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Efferent arterioles
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Drains blood. Blood that doesn't leave glomerulus is taken to bowman's capsule for filtration.
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Tubules (nephron)
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Proximal tubule
Loops of Henle (Asc. & Desc. Limb) Distal tubule |
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What composes filtrate?
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Water and small ions
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How much of renal filtrate is reabsorbed?
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99%
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Passive transport is what
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moves water; requires no energy
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Active transport is what?
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requires energy
Active transport moves Na+ across the nephron wall. |
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Proximal tubules
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most water is reaborbed here (65%), Na+ is actively reabsorbed.
In the renal cortex |
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Descending limb of Henle
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(35% of starting volume)
Water exits passively In the medulla Have hyperosomotic medulla in the descending limb of Henle |
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Ascending limb of Henle
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Na+, Cl-, K+ transported out of filtrate (Na+ actively absorbed)
Limb is impermeable, s water can't leave In the medulla |
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Collecting ducts
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Water movement out regulated by ADH. If ADH absent, water not reabsorbed and dilute urine produced.
If ADH present, water moves out, concentrated urine produced. ADH creates large # of pores in collecting duct to body can reabsorb In Medulla |
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When large volume of water consumed:
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Response is kidneys produce large volume of dilute urine, won't lose large amounts of electrolytes
Decrease ADH, fewer pores in collecting ducts |
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When drinking water not available:
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Kidneys produce small volume of concentrated urine
Prevents waste and prevents rapid dehydration Increase ADH, more H2O channels, more H2O resorbption. |
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Function of ADH
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to increase H2O resorption
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Function of Renin
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to increase H2O resorption
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Function of Aldosterone
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to increase H2O resorption
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Function of Atrial natriuretic hormone (peptide)- ANH or ANP
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to decrease water resorption
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Tubular load
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How much of a substance is being filtered
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Tubular maximum
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limit to how much of a substance can be resorbed back into the body
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Internal sphincters or urethra are ______ muscle and are __________ controlled
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smooth muscle
involuntarily controlled |
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External sphincters or urethra are ______ muscle and are __________ controlled
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skeletal muscle
voluntarily controlled |
