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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are 5 general characteristics of plants? |
1. they are multicellular eukaryotes 2. they are autotrophs via photosynthesis 3. they contain chlorophyll A & B 4. they store starch 5. their cells walls are made of cellulose |
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What accessory pigments belong to plants? |
xanthophyll & carotinoids |
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What is Alteration of Generation? |
The Life Cycle of plants = sporophyte (diploid) phase and a gametophyte (haploid) phase. A sporophyte produces haploid spores --> gametophyte --> gametophyte produces haploid gametes --> gametes join another pair of gametes --> formation of diploid zygote --> sporophyte |
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What is a sporophyte? |
A sporophyte is the asexual & diploid (2n) cell phase of a plant, which produces spores from which gametophytes arise. (i.e.: the frond of a fern) |
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What is a gametophyte? |
A gametophyte is the gamete-producing, haploid (n) cell phase of a plant. Produces zygote, which gives rise to a sporophyte. |
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Another characteristic of plants is well developed _______ & ________, which make up the roots, stems, leaves, and vascular structures of plants. |
Tissues & Organs |
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Where does the primary storing of starch occur? |
In the roots |
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What are stems cell walls primarily made of? |
Cellulose |
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What is the primary purpose of leaves? |
photosynthesis - energy production within the chloroplasts. |
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What Super Clade AND Clade are the ancestors of plants from? |
GREEN ALGAE Super Clade = Archaeplastidia Clade = Charophyta/Chlorophyta |
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What is a phragmoplast? |
A structure that forms during late cytokinesis. It serves as a scaffold for cell plate assembly and subsequent formation of a new cell wall separating the two daughter cells. |
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Plant cells walls, made up of cellulose, are formed in ________ ________, which are formed by proteins in plants' plasma membranes |
circular rings |
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T or F? Male plants' sperm are flagellated. |
True! |
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What is DESICCATION? |
the drying out of an organism, specifcally plants in this chapter |
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WHat is the function of the XYLEM within a plant and where is it located? |
The function of the XYLEMm, which is located in plant roots, is to push water up through the plant. It has rigid, woody walls. |
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T or F? Tracheids are elongated cells in the Phloem of vascular plants that serve in the transport of water and mineral salts. |
False! Tracheids are located in the Xylem. |
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What is the function of PHLOEM in a plant and where are these structures located? |
PHLOEM are located in throughout plants and allow the distribution of sucrose and hormones. |
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T or F? Ferns and horsetails have roots, but whisk ferns have lost their roots since diverging from other Pterophyte lineages. |
True! |
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What is the purpose of the cuticle? |
To retard water loss. |
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What are the 7 adaptations plants made in order to survive better on land? |
1. formation of cuticles 2. formation of stomata 3. multicelled gametangia/sporangia 4. retained zygotes 5. better conducting systems 6. gametophyte reduction 7. Seeds and pollen |
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The 3 MAJOR GROUPS of plants are ____________, _____________, and ___________. |
Non-Vascular Seedless Plants, Vascular Seedless Plants, AND Vascular Seeded Plants |
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What are the 2 Phylum of NON VASCULAR plants? |
Phylum Bryophyta & Phylum Hepatophyta |
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BRYOPHYTA are...? |
Mosses (i.e.: MNIUM) |
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HEPATOPHYTA are...? |
Liverworts (i.e.: MARCHANTIA) |
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Characteristics of BRYOPHYTES include: |
They are small with no true stems, roots, or leaves. They also do not produce seeds because their sperm swim through their watery environments. |
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What are the 2 phylum of VASCULAR SEEDLESS plants? |
Phylum LYCOPHYTA & Phylum PTEROPHYTA |
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Lycophytes are... |
Club mosses & ground pine (i.e.: LYCOPODIUM) |
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Pterophytes are... |
Ferns (i.e.: PSILOTUM, EQUISETUM) |
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Characteristics of VASCULAR SEEDLESS plants include: |
They are simple & small, with no seeds and spores for reproduction. Also, their sporophyte generation is dominant. |
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VASCULAR SEEDED plants are divided into 2 groups--Gymnosperms & Angiosperms. A- What are the 4 Gymnosperm Phylums? B- What is the 1 Angiosperm Phylum & what are it's 2 Classes? |
A - Phylum CONIFEROPHYTA, Phylum CYCADOPYTA, Phylum GINKOPHYTA, & phylum GNETOPHYTA B - Phylum ANTHOPHYTA; Classes EUDICOTYLEDONES and MONOCOTYLEDONES |
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(Non-Vascular Seedless Plants) Rhizoids are...? |
root-like structures which anchor the plant. |
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(Non-Vascular Seedless Plants) T or F? The Sporophyte of Non-Vascular Seedless plants are dependent on the Gametophyte for nutrition? |
True! Remember, the Gametophyte is the dominant generation. |
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What is this & what PHYLUM does it belong to? |
Mnium; Phylum BRYOPHYTA |
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What does this picture show? |
A Mnium's ARCHEGONIA, the female reproductive organ. |
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What does this picture show? |
A Mnium's ANTHERIDIA, the male reproductive organ. |
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What is this & what PHYLUM does it belong to? |
MARCHANTIA; Phylum HEPATOPHYTA |
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Which part of the MARCHANTIA liverwort is the Archegonium & which part is the Antheridium? |
Archegonium (Female) = top "dreadlocks" Antheridium (Male) = bottom "leaf" |
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(Vascular Seedless) |
A |
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(Vascular Seedless) |
B |
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(Vascular Seedless) |
C |
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What is a PROTHALLUS? |
A PROTHALLUS is the gametophyte of ferns and other primitive plants. It contains the Archegonium & the Antheridium. The Bottom hair-like structures are rhizoids. |
