Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sex- Chromosomes
|
the two unmatched chromosomes that detemine the sex of an individual, Represented as X and Y
|
|
Autosomes
|
the chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes
|
|
X Chromosomes
|
one of the types of sex chromosomes (female)
|
|
Y Chromosomes
|
one of the types of sex chromosomes (Male)
|
|
Sex Linked Trait
|
a trait that is controlled by a gene found on one of the sex chromosomes
|
|
Color Blindness
|
a sex linked trait in which an individual cannot percieve certain colors
|
|
Linkage Group
|
all the genes that are on the same chromosome
|
|
Crossing Over
|
The process in which pieces of homologous chromosomes are exchanged during synapsis
|
|
Mulitple gene inheritance
|
the type of inheriance in which two or more pairs of genes affec the same characteristic, polygenic inheritance
|
|
Deoxyribose
|
a five carbon suar found in DNA
|
|
Adenine
|
a nirtogenous base found in DNA and RNA
|
|
Guanine
|
a nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA
|
|
Cytosine
|
a nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA
|
|
Thymine
|
a nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA
|
|
Nucleotide
|
the base units of nucleic acids, each containing a sugar, a phosphate group, and one of the four nitrogenous bases
|
|
Helix
|
a shape like a coiled spring, used to describe the structure of DNA molecules
|
|
One gene- One polypetide hypothesis
|
the hypothesis that everygene directs the snthesis of a particular polypeptide chain; originally called the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis
|
|
Messenger RNA(mRNA)
|
the type of RNA that carries the code for a polypeptide from DNA to the ribosomes wher it is translated
|
|
Trancription
|
the copying of a gentic message from a strand of DNA in to a molecule of RNA
|
|
Codon
|
a group of three bases in n mRNA molecule that specifies a particular amino acid
|
|
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
|
the type of RNA that carries a particular amino acid to mRNA at the ribosome in protein synthesis
|
|
Anticodon
|
a sequence of three bases of a tRNA molecule that pairs with the complementary three nucleotide codon of an mRNA molecule during protein synthesis
|
|
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
|
a type of RNA transcribed from DNA in the nucleolus and found in the ribosomes
|
|
Translation
|
the process by which the information coded in RNA is used for the assembly of a particular amino acid sequence
|
|
Operon
|
in prokaryotes, such as bacteria, the promoter, the operator, and their associated structural genes
|
|
Exon
|
a segment of DNA that codes for amino acids that will become part of a protein
|
|
Intron
|
a sefment of DNA that does not code for amino acids of protein
|
|
Enhancer
|
a section DNA that controls the access of an enzyme to a promoter
|
|
Homeotic Genes
|
in fruit flies, the genes that control key events in the flys' development
|
|
Oncogenes
|
any of various genes that, when activated may cause normal cells to become cancerous
|
|
Thomas Hunt Morgan
|
Offered first evidence that genes are part of chromosomes; tested with Drosophila melanogaster, fruit fly
|
|
Reginald Crundell Punnett and William Bateson
|
Found first few examples of linkage, studied flower color in pear plants
|
|
Frederick Griffith
|
-Injected mice with type s--Mice died
-Injected mice with Type R--Mice Lived -Injected mice with dead type s--Mice live -Mixed dead type S with live type R--Mice soon died, Live type S found in mice *Concluded that sme factor from dead type S changed or transformed Type R into Type S |
|
Geroge Beadle and Edward Tatum
|
Formed the One Gene-One Enzyme Hypothesis by using Neurospora Crasa after mutating them with radiation and only feeding it agar with salt, sucrose, and biotin
|