Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are algae? |
Protists |
|
|
What are the 5 kingdoms? |
Eubacteria Archaebacteria Animals Plants Protists |
|
|
Cytosol |
The soluble part of the cytoplasm |
|
|
What are prtotists? |
Old eukaryotic organims that are usually unicellular |
|
|
What shape is bacterial DNA? |
Circular |
|
|
How many organelles does bacteria have? |
None |
|
|
How is a bacterial cells cell wall different than in plants? |
It's made of proteins and sugar |
|
|
Do bacterial cells carry out cellular respiration? |
Yes, but in a modifies way. They don't have mitochondria |
|
|
What are the shapes of most prokaryotes cells? |
Small spheres, rods, spirals or filament |
|
|
What is the Thiomargarita Namibiensis? |
One of the largest known bacteria that uses Nitrates instead of oxygen |
|
|
Why do bacteria stay extremely small? |
To have the maximum surface area in order to get enough nutrients through diffusion |
|
|
What is myxobacteroum? |
Bacterium in which the cells group to form reproductive structures. They seem multicellular bit are not. |
|
|
Horizontal Gene Transfer |
Process by which bacteria obtain new genes from other bacteria. 3 types |
|
|
Conjunction |
Type of horizontal Gene Transfer. Pilus connects 2 bacteria and plasmids (circular dna) is transfered through |
|
|
Transformation |
Type of horizontal Gene Transfer. DNA is released into the environment by a dead cell and is picked up by a living cell |
|
|
Transduction |
DNA is picked up by a virus from a donor cell and incorporated into other cells later on |
|
|
What is a bactorophage? |
A virus that infects bacteria |
|
|
Do Archana have membrane bound organelles? |
No |
|
|
What is Archaea cell membranes formed of? |
Lipids |
|
|
Where can Archaea be found? |
In extreme environments |
|
|
Is there peptydalglycan in the cell walls of archaea? |
No |
|
|
What are microbial mats? |
Archaea and bacteria are found together |
|
|
Phototrophs |
Get energy from the sun |
|
|
Chemotrophs |
Get energy from chemical compounds |
|
|
Autotrophs |
Use inorganic molecules, CO2 |
|
|
Heterotrophs |
Organic molecules, glucose |
|
|
Chemoheterotrophs |
Get energy from organic chemical compounds. Animals, prokaryotes |
|
|
Photoautotrophs |
Get energy from inorganic sources and sunlight. Plants, algae, cyanobacteria |
|
|
Photoheterotrophs |
Uses sunlight for energy but doesn't reduce CO2. It relies of organic molecules from the environment. |
|
|
Chemoautotrophs |
Reduces CO2 to form carbs and oxidized inorganic molecules to make energy |
|
|
The sulfur cycle |
Plants take up SO4 from the soil and reduces it to H2S. This cycle is different for the different organisms |
|
|
The Nitrogen Cycle |
N2 is absorbed by bacteria and archaea to be made into ammonia. |
|
|
Nitrogen fixation |
Organisms taking in N2 from the atmosphere to use and convert it to ammonia |
|
|
When does the Nitrogen Cycle occur? |
In the absence of O2 |
|
|
What does ANAMMOX stand for? |
Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation |
|
|
Nitrification |
Converting ammonia to a nitrate |
|
|
Anaerobic |
No oxygen |
|
|
What are proteobacteria? |
The most diverse bacteria group and are classified by their RNA similarities. They also make up some of our worse pathogens |
|
|
Gram positive bacteria |
Bacteria with peptydalglycan in their cell wall that a stain can bind to |
|
|
Cyanobacteria |
All bacteria capable of photoaynthesis |
|
|
How many groups of archaebacteria are there? |
5 |
|
|
Methanogenic achaeon |
Eukaryotic archaeological that ferments and produces natural gas (methane) |
|
|
Halophilic archeaons |
Lives in salty conditions |
|
|
Stomatolites |
Eukaryotic archeaon fossils dating back to 3.5 bill. Years |
|
|
Bacteriochlorophyll |
Molecules found in bacteria that absorb light |
