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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Match the two components of the digestive
system to their description Muscular tube from mouth to anus |
Digestive tract
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Match the two components of the digestive
system to their description Organs that do not form the tube but assist in digestion |
Accessory organs
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Match the functions/actions of the digestive
system to their description The bringing of food into the digestive tract |
Ingestion
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Match the functions/actions of the digestive
system to their description Physical breakdown of large particles |
Mechanical processing/digestion
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Physical breakdown of large particles
chewing |
Mastication
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Physical breakdown of large particles
stomach churning |
Maceration
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Physical breakdown of large particles
intestinal churning |
Segmentation
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Match the functions/actions of the digestive
system to their description Swallowing |
Deglutition
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Match the functions/actions of the digestive
system to their description Propulsion of tube contents through coordinated contractions of circular and longitudinal muscular layers |
Peristalsis
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Match the functions/actions of the digestive
system to their description Chemical and enzymatic breakdown of large molecules |
Digestion/Chemical digestion
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Match the functions/actions of the digestive
system to their description Production of acids, enzymes, and buffers |
Secretion
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Match the functions/actions of the digestive
system to their description Movement of nutrients across the digestive epithelium |
Absorption
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The digestive tract has 4 histological layers
Inner, mucous membrane often with folds to increase surface area |
Mucosa
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The digestive tract has 4 histological layers
Connective tissue layer enclosing glands, nerves, and vessels |
Submucosa
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The digestive tract has 4 histological layers
Smooth muscle, generally two layers |
Muscularis (externa)
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The digestive tract has 4 histological layers
Outer, serous, in the peritoneal cavity |
Serosa
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The digestive tract has 4 histological layers
Outer, collagenous, outside the peritoneal cavity |
Adventitia
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What do we call thick rings of the circular
layer of smooth muscle in these tubes that act as valves to control the movement of materials through the digestive tract? |
Sphincters
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What is the generic term for the double
sheets of parietal peritoneum that encase areolar connective tissue, along with vessels and nerves, which stabilize the digestive tract? |
Mesentaries
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Match the specific mesenteries to their
location Between the liver and lesser curvature of the stomach |
Lesser omentum
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Match the specific mesenteries to their
location Between the greater curvature of the stomach and transverse colon, extending as an apron over the small intestines |
Greater omentum
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Match the specific mesenteries to their
location Attaching the loops of the small intestine to the body wall |
Mesentary proper
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Match the specific mesenteries to their
location Attaching the large intestine to the body wall |
Mesocolon
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Oral cavity components
Lips |
Labia
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Oral cavity components
Gums |
Gingivae
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Oral cavity components
Mucous membrane fold connecting tongue to floor of mouth |
Lingual frenulum
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Oral cavity components
Medial, dangling portion of the soft palate |
Uvula
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What is its function?Uvula
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Prevent food from entering pharynx
prematurely |
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Oral cavity components
Entrance to the oropharynx |
Fauces
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There are 3 pairs of salivary glands
Inferior to the zygomatic arch, partially overlaying the masseter |
Parotid
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There are 3 pairs of salivary glands
Floor of the mouth, just below tongue? |
Sublingual
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There are 3 pairs of salivary glands
Floor of the mouth, medial and inferior to the mandible |
Submandibular
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Teeth have three layers of tissue
Outer, hardest biological substance |
Enamel
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Teeth have three layers of tissue
Bulk of tooth, mineralized matrix similar to bone |
Dentin
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Teeth have three layers of tissue
Inner, spongy and vascular, contains vessels and nerves |
Pulp cavity
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What do we call the bony socket in which
we find a tooth? |
Alveolus
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What do we call the portion of a tooth
within the bony socket? |
Root
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What do we call the visible portion of the
tooth, covered in enamel? |
Crown
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There are four types of teeth in adults
Blade/chisel-shaped in the front of the mouth, single root |
Incisors
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There are four types of teeth in adults
Conical, sharp, single root |
Canines
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There are four types of teeth in adults
Flattened crown with ridges, one or two roots |
Bicuspids
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There are four types of teeth in adults
Large, flattened crowns with 3+ roots |
Molars
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How many teeth are found in an adult with
wisdom teeth? |
32
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How many teeth are found in the deciduous
or baby set of teeth? |
20
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Special names for tooth surfaces
Opposing tooth surface that faces the midline |
Mesial
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Special names for tooth surfaces
Opposing tooth surface that faces the away from the midline |
Distal
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Special names for tooth surfaces
Inner surface of tooth in upper row |
Palatal
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Special names for tooth surfaces
Inner surface of tooth in lower row |
Lingual
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Special names for tooth surfaces
Outer surface of tooth by cheeks |
Buccal
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Special names for tooth surfaces
Outer surface of tooth by lips |
Labial
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Special names for tooth surfaces
Surface where upper and lower teeth contact |
Occlusal
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How do we number the teeth?
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#1 is the back, upper right molar
#32 is the back, lower right molar |
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What is the name of the common
passageway for food and air? |
Pharynx
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What is the name of the muscular tube
transports food from the pharynx to the stomach? |
Esophagus
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What is the name of the opening in the
diaphragm through which this tube passes? |
Esophageal hiatus
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What do we call the lower sphincter of the
esophagus that is associated with heart burn? |
Cardiac sphincter
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What J-shaped expansion of the digestive
tract has an extra layer of smooth muscle (oblique) to assist in mechanical churning of food and glands that produce acid and a proteolytic enzyme? |
Stomach
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What ring of muscle regulates the flow of
material from the stomach to the small intestine? |
Pyloric sphincter
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What do we call the soupy, acidic mixture
of partially digested food that leaves the stomach? |
Chyme
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What part of the digestive tract plays the
primary role in digestion and absorption of nutrients? |
Small intestine
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Structures that increase surface area
Large, transverse folds, most apparent in jejunum |
Plicae circulares
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Structures that increase surface area
Finger-like projections of inner mucous membrane with vessels |
Villi
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Structures that increase surface area
Extensions of the plasma membrane on the epithelium |
Microvilli
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What do we call the lymphatic capillary
within each finger-like projection of the intestinal wall that picks up lipids from the digestive tract? |
Lacteal
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3 regions of the small intestine
First, short, c-shaped (contains head of pancreas) |
Duodenum
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3 regions of the small intestine
Second, longer, site of most absorption/most folds |
Jejunum
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3 regions of the small intestine
Last, longest, fewer folds more lymphatic tissue |
Ileum
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What part of the digestive tract serves to
reabsorb water, absorb vitamins, and store feces prior to defecation (it also has abundant goblet cells)? |
Large intestine
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What valve regulates the passage of
materials from the small intestine into the large intestine? |
Ileocecal valve
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What do we call the pouches of the large intestine
that allow it to elongate? |
Haustra
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What do we call the 3 bands of longitudinal
smooth muscle that help form these pouches? Haustra |
Taeniae coli
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What do we call the globs of fat that attach to
these smooth muscle bands?Taeniae coli |
Omental appendices
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What expanded pouch forms the beginning
of the large intestine? |
Cecum
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What slender, hollow organ dominated by
lymphatic nodules comes off of this pouch? |
Appendix
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Portions of the colon
Travels superiorly on the right side of the abdomen |
Ascending colon
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Portions of the colon
Curve to the left |
Right colic (hepatic) flexure
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Portions of the colon
Travels to the left across abdomen |
Transverse colon
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Portions of the colon
Curve inferiorly |
Left colic (splenic) flexure
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Portions of the colon
Travels inferiorly on the left side of the abdomen |
Descending colon
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Portions of the colon
S-shaped, from iliac fossa to midline of lower abdomen |
Sigmoid colon
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What final, expanded section of the large
intestine triggers the defecation reflex when its walls are stretched by feces? |
Rectum
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What do we call the orifice at the end of the
large intestine? |
Anus
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This orifice is controlled by two sphincters
Involuntary, smooth muscle |
Internal anal sphincter
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This orifice is controlled by two sphincters
Voluntary, skeletal muscle |
External anal sphincter
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What organ, the largest visceral organ in the
body, is located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen? |
Liver
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List the 3 general categories of liver
function |
Metabolic regulation
Hematological regulation Synthesis and secretion of bile |
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Four lobes of the liver
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Left and Right
Caudate - Inferior vena cava Quadrate - Gallbladder |
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What piece of mesentery divides the left
and right lobes anteriorly? |
Falciform ligament
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What thickened inferior portion of this
mesentery is the remains of the umbilical vein? |
Ligamentum Teres (round ligament of the
liver) |
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What pear-shaped organ on the inferior
aspect of the liver is a muscular sac for bile storage? |
Gallbladder
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What glandular organ, lying deep to the
stomach, extends from the c-shaped section of the small intestine to the spleen? |
Pancreas
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Biliary apparatus
Collect bile from the liver’s lobes |
L&R hepatic ducts
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Biliary apparatus
Unites ducts from each lobe into a single duct |
Common hepatic duct
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Biliary apparatus
Carries bile to or from the gallbladder |
Cystic duct
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Biliary apparatus
Carries bile from liver and gallbladder to intestines |
Common bile duct
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Biliary apparatus
Enlargement and valve where bile joins secretions from pancreas |
Hepatopancreatic ampulla/sphincter
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Biliary apparatus
Raised projection/opening into small intestine (duodenum) |
(major) Duodenal papilla
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