Chapter 25: Coexistence, Confrontation, And The New Global Economy

Front 1

Ho Chi Minh

Back 1

Communist leader of Vietnam, lead anti-colonial war against French. He consolidated his regime in Northern Vietnam

Front 2

Detente

Back 2

formal relaxation of tension between two rivals (USSR and US)

Front 3

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Back 3

US president, Truman's successor, continued policies of Communist containment

Front 4

Sputnik

Back 4

First artificial satellite to orbit outer space - launched by Soviets

Front 5

Charles De Gaulle

Back 5

Viewed Cold War as bipolar, wanted a reunified Europe, did not follow American lead, eventually withdrew France form NATO

Front 6

John F. Kennedy

Back 6

US president, supported US space research and aided developing countries against Soviet takeover

Front 7

Fidel Castro

Back 7

Communist leader of Cuba, developed close relations w/USSR

Front 8

Bay of Pigs

Back 8

US-supported invasion by Cuban exiles with the intent to overthrow Fidel Castro

Front 9

Berlin Wall

Back 9

28-mile wall of concrete, barbed wire, and guarded stations. Build by Soviets to stop exodus from East Berlin

Front 10

Cuban Missile Crisis

Back 10

USSR plan to protect Cuba against 2nd US invasion involving nuclear missiles

Front 11

Vietnam War

Back 11

Seen as apart of the global struggle between Communism and democracy- undeclared war

Front 12

Ngo Dinh Diem

Back 12

Governed South Vietnam under western backed regime, overthrow by Kennedy administration

Front 13

Lyndon B. Johnson

Back 13

Obsessed with winning war and containing Communism

Front 14

Richard Nixon

Back 14

Continued/intensified Vietnam war, but later made containment policies flexible and pursued detente in Cold War

Front 15

Henry Kissinger

Back 15

Secretary of State in Nixon administration, negotiated a cease fire w/North Vietnam. He valued diplomacy and balance- similar to De Gaulle

Front 16

Khmer Rouge

Back 16

Cambodian Communist regime under Pol Pot- supported by Vietnam and later overthrown for being pro-Chinese.

Front 17

"Brezhnev Doctrine"

Back 17

Soviet right to intervene in the name of "proletarian internationalism" in any Communist country in protection of socialism

Front 18

People's Republic of China

Back 18

China under the Communists, US withdrew objections in 1971 for UN admittance

Front 19

SALT I

Back 19

(Strategic Arms Limitation)- US/USSR agreement to reduce its antimissile defense system. Negotiations reduced fears on both sides.

Front 20

Helsinki Accords

Back 20

Not formal treaty, ratified European boundaries established after WWII and founded surveillance on human rights.

Front 21

OPEC

Back 21

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries: established in 1960 by 14 countries in Middle East, Africa, and Latin America to curb the monopoly controlled by foreign companies on oil

Front 22

Stagflation

Back 22

(1970-80s) Combination of stagnation and inflation- slow economic growth coupled with a high rate of inflation and unemployment.

Front 23

Margaret Thatcher

Back 23

British Conservative party leader and prime minister against the welfare state, promoted production through supply side economics

Front 24

Supply Side Economics

Back 24

Idea that production is stimulated through tax reductions, deregulation, and restraints on unions. The results were then expected to "trickle down"

Front 25

Francois Mitterrand and "changer la vie"

Back 25

Moderate socialist party leader- revitalized party with presidential campaign "change life for everyone". He introduced labor reforms and nationalized industries

Front 26

Mutual Interdependence

Back 26

World powers realized economic success depended on prosperity of world economy

Front 27

European Community/European Union

Back 27

Started as European Community with 6 nations and developed into the EU with 25 members

Front 28

"third industrial revolution"

Back 28

Industrialism marked by production of computers, advanced technology.

Front 29

Single European Act

Back 29

Agreement between 12 nations to establish common production standards, remove impediments to flow of capital, seek uniform tax rates, reorganize licensing, and honor common labor rights.

Front 30

Jimmy Carter

Back 30

US president focused on human rights and pressured Soviets on issue, saw Soviet invasion of Afghanistan as threat to world peace, could not negotiate Iran hostage situation.

Front 31

Ronald Regan

Back 31

US president called the USSR "evil", aided Muslim guerrillas in Afghanistan, supported repressive authoritarian regimes as long as they were anti-communist.

Front 32

MAD

Back 32

Mutually assured destruction: (essential to the doctrine of nuclear deterrence) unavoidable damages to both sides as a result of nuclear war

Front 33

Overkill

Back 33

refers to the large stockpiles of weapons capable of destroying the enemy many times over

Front 34

Deng Xiaoping

Back 34

Moderate Chinese leader: focused on economic growth and modernization, "marriage between planned and market economy", opened China to west.

Front 35

Tiananmen Square

Back 35

Demonstrations of Chinese students took place here in Beijing for the democracy movement

Front 36

Jiang Zemin

Back 36

Xiaoping's successor, pursued goals of modernization and emergence into the global economy