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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
actinomycete
|
a member of a class of bacteria characterized as rod-shaped
monerans that form branched filaments |
|
antibiotic
|
a chemical that can inhibit the growth of some bacteria
|
|
archaebacterium
|
a prokaryotic organism distinguished from other
prokaryotes by the composition of the cell membranes and walls |
|
bacillus
|
a rod-shaped bacterium
|
|
broad-spectrum antibiotic
|
an antibiotic that is able to affect a wide variety of
organisms |
|
capsule
|
in mosses, a sporangium that produces spores; in bacteria, a protective
layer of polysaccharides around the cell wall |
|
cell wall
|
a rigid structure that surrounds the cells of plants, fungi, many
protists, and most bacteria |
|
chemoautotroph
|
an organism that synthesizes organic compounds using
chemicals instead of light |
|
coccus
|
sphere-shaped bacterium
|
|
conjugation
|
the union of two protists to exchange genetic material
|
|
conjugation bridge
|
in certain algae and fungi, a passageway for the transfer of
the genetic information from one organism to another |
|
endospore
|
a dormant bacterial cell enclosed by a tough coating
|
|
endotoxin
|
a substance that causes a poison reaction; a compound that makes
up part of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria |
|
enteric bacteria
|
Gram-negative heterotrophic bacteria that inhabit animal
intestinal tracts |
|
eubacterium
|
the lineage of prokaryotes that includes all contemporary bacteria
except archaebacteria |
|
eutrophication
|
the increase of nutrients in an environment
|
|
exotoxin
|
a toxic protein secreted by pathogenic bacteria
|
|
extreme halophile
|
an archaebacterium that lives in very high salt
concentrations |
|
facultative anaerobe
|
an organism that can metabolize with or without
oxygen |
|
glycocalyx
|
a pathway in which glucose is oxidized to pyruvic acid
|
|
Gram-negative bacterium
|
a bacterium that stains pink with Gram stain and
that usually has an outer covering on its cell wall |
|
Gram-positive bacterium
|
a bacterium that stains purple with Gram stain and
that usually lacks an outer covering on its cell wall |
|
Gram stain
|
a series of dyes that stain bacteria either purple or pink according
to the chemistry of the bacterial cell wall |
|
heterocyst
|
a cell of cyanophytes that fixes atmospheric nitrogen
|
|
methanogen
|
a bacterium that produces methane during anaerobic
respiration |
|
obligate aerobe
|
an organism that requires oxygen
|
|
obligate anaerobe
|
an organism that requires the absence of oxygen
|
|
pathology
|
the scientific study of disease
|
|
penicillin
|
antibiotic drug that combats bacteria by interfering with bacterial
cell-wall synthesis |
|
peptidoglycan
|
a protein-carbohydrate compound found in the cell walls of
bacteria |
|
photoautotroph
|
an organism that uses sunlight as an energy source
|
|
pilus
|
an appendage that bacteria use to attach to objects
|
|
population bloom
|
the sudden increase of nutrients in an environment
|
|
saprophyte
|
an organism that feeds on dead organic material
|
|
spirillum
|
spiral-shaped eubacteria
|
|
spirochete
|
Gram-negative, spiral-shaped, heterotrophic bacterium
|
|
staphylococcus
|
eubacterium occurring in grapelike clusters
|
|
streptococcus
|
Gram-positive eubacterium occurring in chains
|
|
sulfa drug
|
an antibiotic drug that combats bacteria by inhibiting bacterial cell
metabolism |
|
tetracycline
|
an antibiotic drug that combats bacteria by interfering with
bacterial protein synthesis |
|
thermoacidophile
|
an archaebacterium that lives only in hot, acid places
|
|
thermophilic
|
bacteria that grows best in temperatues between 40º C (104º F)
and 110º C (230º F) |
|
toxin
|
a chemical substance, usually biological in origin, that is harmful to the
normal functioning of cells |
|
transduction
|
in viruses, the process in which genetic material is transferred
from one cell to another |
|
transformation
|
a process of direct transfer of nucleic acid from one bacterium
to another |