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18 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

The central issue in population genetics

Genetics

A gene pool is

all the genes in a population

The gene pool of the next generation is derived from

those individuals of a population that reproduce and have viable offspring

The term polymorphism refers to the phenomenon that a trait displays variationa population. Which of the following is an example of polymorphic trait inpopulation

both the A,B,O blood types in humans and the pink and white flowers

To analyze genetic variation in population, one approach is to consier thefrequency of alleles. When calculating an allele frequency for a diploid species,how many copies of an allele are there

Two. A and a.

In the hardy-weinberg equation, the letters p and q represent

frequencies of alleles in a population

In the hardy weinberg equation, p + q=

1

The hardy weinberg equation states that p2+2pq+q2=1; the genotypefrequency of heterozygous represented by

2pq

Over generations in a population, individuals with higher fitness values will

become more prevalent

Directional selection would be expected to occur if

a new allele arises by mutation that increases fitness and the environment changes.

Conditions for Hardy-Weinberg to work:

no new mutations, no natural selection, no migration, and mating is random.

What is horizontal gene transfer?

Genes from one species introduced into another

What is Directional Selection?

Favors individuals at one extreme of phenotypic distrobution with greater success

What is stabilizing selection?

Favors the survival of individuals with intermediate phenotype.

What is diversifying selection?

Favors the survival of 2 or more phenotype that produce different phenotype

What are the 2 types of balancing selection?

Hetrezoygote Advantage where heterozyogote is favored. Netagive frequency dependent selection where rare individuals have higher fitness.

Genetic drift is a change in the allele frequency of a population due to what?

Chance alone.

What is the bottleneck effect?

Brought about by climatic or geological events