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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis
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- difficulty swallowing
- fever - red throat with pus patches - enlarged tender lymph nodes - most patients recover uneventually in approx a wk |
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what is the causative agent of strep pharyngitis
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strep pyogens
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gm +
coccus in chains beta hemolytic |
strep pyogenes
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why is s. pyogenes commonly reffered to as group A strep
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- due to group A carbohydrate in cell wall
- basis for identification from other orgs |
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what is the causative agent of diptheria
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corynebacterium diphtheria
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what are the symptoms of diptheria
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- usually begins with mild sore throat and slight fever, fatigue and malaise and dramatic neck swelling
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- whitish membrane forms on tonsils or in nasal cavity
- most strains release diptheria toxin |
diptheria
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- production of toxin rewuires lysogenic conversion of causative agent
- toxin is produced in low iron environments |
diptheria
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repressor shuts down toxin production
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high iron in diptheria
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repressor removed, toxin production begins
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low iron in diptheria
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- variably shaped
- gm + - non- spore forming - certain strains produce siphtheria toxin |
corynebacterium diphtheria
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what are the symptoms of pinkeye
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- increased tears and redness of the conjuctive
- swelling eyelids - sensitivity to bright light - large amounts of pus |
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- pain and pressure
- tenderness over sinus - headache - severe malaise |
sinusitis
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- more common in young children
- extreme ear pain - mild fever - vomiting - in many cases, ear drum ruptures |
otitis media
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what is the causative agent otitis media
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haemophilus influenza
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what are the symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis
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- difficulty swallowing
- fever - red throat with pus patches - enlarged tender lymph nodes - most patients recover uneventually in approx a wk |
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what is the causative agent of strep pharyngitis
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strep pyogens
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gm +
coccus in chains beta hemolytic |
strep pyogenes
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why is s. pyogenes commonly reffered to as group A strep
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- due to group A carbohydrate in cell wall
- basis for identification from other orgs |
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what is the causative agent of diptheria
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corynebacterium diphtheria
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what are the symptoms of diptheria
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- usually begins with mild sore throat and slight fever, fatigue and malaise and dramatic neck swelling
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- whitish membrane forms on tonsils or in nasal cavity
- most strains release diptheria toxin |
diptheria
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- production of toxin rewuires lysogenic conversion of causative agent
- toxin is produced in low iron environments |
diptheria
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repressor shuts down toxin production
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high iron in diptheria
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repressor removed, toxin production begins
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low iron in diptheria
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- variably shaped
- gm + - non- spore forming - certain strains produce siphtheria toxin |
corynebacterium diphtheria
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what are the symptoms of pinkeye
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- increased tears and redness of the conjuctive
- swelling eyelids - sensitivity to bright light - large amounts of pus |
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- pain and pressure
- tenderness over sinus - headache - severe malaise |
sinusitis
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- more common in young children
- extreme ear pain - mild fever - vomiting - in many cases, ear drum ruptures |
otitis media
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what is the causative agent otitis media
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haemophilus influenza
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what are the causative agents of otitis media, pinkeye, sinus infection
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- h. influenzae
( gm - bacillus) - s. pneumoniae (gm + diplococci, pneumococcus) |
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what are the causative agents of otits media and sinusitis
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- mycoplasma pneumonia
- streptococcus pyogenes - staph aureus |
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- malaise
- scratchy mild sore throat - runny nose - cough and hoarseness - nasal secretions symptoms disappear in about a week |
common cold
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what is the causative agent of the common cold
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30-50% caused by rhinovirus
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- more than 100 serotypes
- member of picornavirus family - small - non - enveloped - single stranded RNA genome |
rhinovirus
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- runny nose
- fever - sore throat - lymph nodes in neck enlarged and tender - certain strains of virus cause hemorrhagic conjunctivitis - infection usually resolves in 1-3wks |
adenoviral pharyngitis
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- runny nose following by bouts of uncontrollable coughing
- coughing spasm followed by characteristic "whoop" - vomiting and seizure may occur |
whooping cough
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what is the causative agent of whooping cough
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bordetella pertusis
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- sm
- encapsulated - strictly aerobic - gm - - bacillus - does not survive long periods outside host |
bordetalla pertusis
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- chronic symptoms
- slight fever with night sweats - progressive weight loss - chronic productive cough (sputum often blood streaked) |
tuberculosis
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what is the causative agent of tuberculosis
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mycobacterium tuberculosis
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- gm + cell wall type
- slender bacillus - acid fast due to mycolic acid in cell wall - slow growing ( generation time 12 hours or more) - resists most prevention methods of control |
mycobacterium tuberculosis
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- headache
- muscle ache - rapid rise in temp - cnfusion shaking chills |
early symptoms of legionnaires disease
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- dry cough
- sputum production - pleurisy - one quarter of cases dev alimentary tract symptoms ( diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting) |
late symptoms of legionnaired disease
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what is the causative agent of legionnaires disease
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legionella pneumophilia
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- gm -
- bacillus - member of y proteobacteria |
legionella pneumophila
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- short incubation period
(averaging 2 days) - headache - fever - muscle pain - dry cough - acute symptoms abate within a week ( cough, fatigue and generalized weakness may linger) |
influenza Type A
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what is the causative agent of influenza
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influenza A virus
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- belong to orthomyxovirus
- single stranded DNA genome (genome divided into 8 segments) - spiked envelope |
influenza A virus
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- H spike- hmagglutinin
- aids in attachment - N- spikes -neuraminidase - aids in viral spread |
spiked envelope
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what is the causative agent of adenoviral pharyngitis
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adenovirus
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- 45 types infect humans
- non enveloped - double stranded dna genome - remains infectious in environment for extended periods |
adenovirus
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- transmitted easily on medical instruments
- inactivated easily with heat and various disinfectants |
adenovirus
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- cough
- chest pain - fever - sputum production |
symptoms of pneumococcal pneumonia
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- runny nose and upper respiratory congestion precede above symptoms
- chest pain is aggravated with each breath and by cough - symptoms abate in indvs who survive within 7-10 days without treatment |
pneumococcal pneumonia
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why is chest pain aggravated by pneumococcal pneumonia
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- pain breathing become shallow and rapid
- causes skin to become a dusky colored due to poor oxygenation |
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what is the causative agent pneumococcal pneumonia
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strep pneumoniae
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gm +
diplococci thick polysaccharide capsule |
strep pneumoniae
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what symptoms differentiate klebsiella pneumonia from strep pneumoniae
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- repeated chills
- red gelatinous sputum - 50-80% mortality in untreated patients * patients tend to die sooner than with other pneumonia |
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gm -
bacillus encapsulated |
klebsiella pneumonia
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- onset typically gradual
- fever - headache - muscle pain - fatigue |
first symptoms of mycoplasmal pneumonia
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- dry cough
- mucoid sputum |
later symptoms of mycoplasmal pneumonia
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- sm'
- deformed bscterisl lacking cell wall - slow growing - aerobic - colonies have a distinctive fried egg appearance |
mycoplasma pneumoniae
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- symptoms can range from vomiting and a few loose stools to profuse water diarrhea to severe cramps and bloody diarrhea
- recovery usually occurs within 10 days |
e. coli gastroenteritis
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what are the 2 virulence factors of gastroenteritis
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- production of enterotoxin
- adherence to cells of small intestine |
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what is the causative agent of escherichia coli gastroenteritis
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- enterotoxigenic e. coli
- enteroinvasive e. coli - enteropathogenic e. coli - enterochemorrhagis e.coli |
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most common cause of travelers diarrhea
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- enterotoxigenic e. coli (ETEC)
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disease closely resembles that if shigella species
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- enteroinvasive e. coli (EIEC)
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causes oubreaks in hospital nurseries and bottle fed infants in developing countries
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- enteropathogenic e. coli
(EPEC) |
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- often produces severe illness due to production of potent group of toxins
- toxins closely related to shiga toxins |
- enterochemorrhagis e.coli (EHEC)
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diarrhea
abdominal pain nausea vomiting fever - symptoms short lived and mild |
salmonellosis
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what is the causative agent of salmonellosis
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salmonella species
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- motile
- gm - - enterobacteria |
salmonella
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what are the most common serotypes of salmonella in the US
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s. enteritidis
s. typhimurium |
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what is the leading cause of bacterial diarrhea in US
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camplylobacteriosis
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- fever
- vomitting - diarrhea - abdomonal cramps - dysentery |
campylobacteriosis
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what is the causative agent of campylobacteriosis
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campylobacter jejuni
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- motile
- gm - - curved bacilli - cultivated from feces |
campylobacter jejuni
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