Chapter 24

Front 1

The seasons on Earth are a result of the______ of the axis.

Back 1

tilt

Front 2

The ________ is the portion of the Earth measured from the iron core, to the mantle

Back 2

Lithosphere

Front 3

Even though Venus is twice as far from the sun than Mercury, its surface temperture __________ than Mercury and is mostly likely the result of __________ trapped in its atmosphere.

Back 3

Higher, CO2

Front 4

The thin layer of air that has been captures and is maintained by Earth's gravity is known as the ___________.

Back 4

Atmosphere

Front 5

The Earth's ________ contains all of the water on the planet, of which the vast majority is in the form of __________.

Back 5

Hydropshere, Salt water

Front 6

The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere on Earth is maintained by the _________, which absorbs it through photosynthesis but produces it as a result of respiration.

Back 6

biosphere

Front 7

The __________greenhouse effect is most associated with human actions stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and which may be causing changes in Earth's climate.

Back 7

Anthropogenic

Front 8

Earth's seasons are due to the __________degree tilt of it's axis in relation to the sun

Back 8

23.5

Front 9

The ________ extends from the crust to the upper most layer of the matle

Back 9

lithosphere

Front 10

The hydrosphere consists of all the __________ found on Earth

Back 10

Water

Front 11

The ocean accounts for ________ of Earth's water

Back 11

97.5

Front 12

The atmosphere of Earth consists of __________ nitrogen and 21%__________

Back 12

78%, oxygen

Front 13

What is hydrosphere and what is its composition?

Back 13

The hydrosphere is all of the water present on Earth 97.25% of the Earth's water is in the oceans, 2.05% is captured in glaciers and the polar ice caps. Finally only .7% of the Earth's water is found in the ground or in the atmosphere, in the form of fresh water

Front 14

Briefly explain the structure of the plant Earth from the core to the surface that we live on

Back 14

The inner core of Earth consists of mostly solid iron. Around that core is an outer core consisting of liquid iron. The mantle, a liquid of mush plastic-like rock exists around this outer core. Finally, floating atop this liquid like mantle is the Earth's crust, which is the solid surface that makes up the outer most part of the planet.

Front 15

Name two ways that your body gets rid of excessive heat and briefly explain each

Back 15

You body gets rid of excessive heat through radiation and perspiration. Radiation occurs by heat dissipation through tiny blood vessels close to the surface of your skin. Perspiration cools the body by evaporation of sweat off the surface of the skin. This evaporation cools your body.

Front 16

Compare and Contrast hyperthermia and hypothermia, at what temperature does it occur and what are the consequences if a condition of hyperthermia gets too severe?

Back 16

Hyperthermia is when our core body tempertature rises to dangerous levels. Hyperthermia begins when the body temperature reaches 40 degrees celcus at which time the temperature regulating mechanisms begin to breakdown. Once the temperature reaches 41 degrees celcus or higher, brain cells begin to die and seizure, coma and even death can result.

Hypothermia is when the body's core temperature drops to dangerously low levels. When the core temperature reaches 32 degrees celcus shivering and tremors lead to accelerated and irregular heart beat. Finally, organs begin to shut down, brain damage occurs and death results if the core temperature drops below 27 degrees celcus

Front 17

What human characteristics demonstrate that we are adapted to a tropical climate? How were humans able to spread out and survive in non-tropical climates?

Back 17

The fact that humans have very little hair, along with the fact that we remove body heat very efficiently through sweating indicate that we are most well adapted for tropical environments. It was not until humans developed the usage of fire for heat and clothing for maintaining body heat in cold temperatures that humans were able to move out from tropical climates.

Front 18

Explain the evidence for gobal warming seen in the climate changes involving the saharan dust storms and the North Atlantic Oscillation and how the implications of these changes are worldwide.

Back 18

Because of extreme drought in Africa, lakes such as Lake Chad have begun to shrink and provide extra sand and dust to be blown into the atmosphere as a result of dust storms that are continuously increasing in intensity. As a result of global warming, the North Atlantic Oscillation, which is the air current that can carry dust and airborne particulate matter to the Americas across the Atlantic ocean from Africa, has become more regular and more intense. Because of this, more and more dust and other debris are reaching the Americas from Africa. This is causing problems in the Caribbean because the spores of a fungus, known as Aspergillus, have been carried there from Africa. These spores are not only damaging coral reefs in the area but also causing a marked increase in the occurrence of asthma in children, demonstrating the far reaching and unexpected negative effects of global warming.