Chapter 23 - Respiratory System

Front 1

Name the 6 Organs associated with the Respiratory System

Back 1

Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs

Front 2

This includes the nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, and associated structures

Back 2

Upper Respiratory Organs

Front 3

This includes the larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs

Back 3

Lower Respiratory Organs

Front 4

2 Functional Parts of the Respiratory System

Back 4

Conducting Zone
Respiratory Zone

Front 5

Consists of a series of interconnecting cavities and tubes both outside & inside the lungs. They function to filter, warm and moisten air then conduct the are to the lungs

Back 5

Conducting Zone

Front 6

Consists of tubes and tissues within the lungs where gas exchange occur. They function as the main site of gas exchange between air and the blood.

Back 6

Respiratory Zone

Front 7

This is made of hyline cartilage and is lined with a mucus membrane

Back 7

Nose

Front 8

The opening of the external part of the nose is known as what?

Back 8

External Nares

Front 9

The internal portion of the nose connects with the paranasal sinuses and the nasopharynx via the

Back 9

Choanae

Front 10

3 Anatomical Regions of the Pharynx and their functions

Back 10

Nasopharynx- functions in respiration
Oropharynx--------------- Both function in digestion
Laryngopharynx--------- and respiration

Front 11

This is the opening of the pharynx and functions in both respiration and digestion

Back 11

Fauces

Front 12

This connects the pharynx to the trachea

Back 12

Larynx

Hint 12

Also known as your voice box

Front 13

5 Cartilages of the Larynx

Back 13

Thyroid Cartilage
Cricoid Cartilage
Paired Arytenoid Cartilages
Corniculate Cartilage
Cuneiform Cartilage

Front 14

This cartilage of the larynx is known as your Adams Apple

Back 14

Thyroid Cartilage

Front 15

This part of the larynx prevents food from entering it

Back 15

Epiglottis

Front 16

This cartilage of the larynx connects the larynx to the trachea

Back 16

Cricoid Cartilage

Front 17

This is a pair of triangular shapes of hyline cartilage located in the larynx

Back 17

Paired Arytenoid Cartilages

Front 18

These are paired horn shaped pieces of elastic cartilage located on the larynx

Back 18

Paired Corniculate Cartilages

Front 19

These are paired club shaped elastic cartilages which support the vocal cords and the epiglottis of the larynx

Back 19

Paired Cuneiform Cartilages

Front 20

Taunt vocal folds produce what kind of pitch?

Back 20

High Pitches

Front 21

Relaxed vocal folds produce what kind of pitch?

Back 21

Low Pitches

Front 22

This is located anterior to the epiglottis and extends from the larynx to the primary bronchi

Back 22

Trachea

Hint 22

Also known as your windpipe

Front 23

These keep the airways of the trachea open

Back 23

Hyline Cartilage Rings

Front 24

This splits the trachea into the right and left bronchi

Back 24

Carina

Front 25

The mucus membrane of this structure is a sensitive area that triggers the cough reflex

Back 25

Carina

Front 26

How many lobes does each lung have?

Back 26

Right has 3 lobes
Left has 2 lobes

Front 27

The walls of these cup shaped structures have Type I simple squamous epithelium and are the main site of gas exchange

Back 27

Alveoli

Front 28

This cup shaped structure has Type II cuboidal epithelium and its function is collecting dust

Back 28

Type Ii Alveoli

Front 29

What tissue is involved with gas exchange?

Back 29

Simple squamous epithelium which is on the exchange surfaces of the Alveoli

Front 30

3 Steps of Respiration

Back 30

Pulmonary Ventilation
External Respiration
Internal Respiration

Front 31

This refers to the inhalation and exhalation of air which involves the exchange of air between the atmosphere and alveoli of the lungs

Back 31

Pulmonary Ventilation

Front 32

Exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood in pulmonary capillaries

Back 32

External Respiration

Hint 32

Blood gains O2 and loses CO2

Front 33

Exchange of gases between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue cells

Back 33

Internal Respiration

Hint 33

Blood loses O2 and gains CO2

Front 34

Occurs when alveolar pressure is higher than the atmospheric pressure.

Back 34

Exhalation

Hint 34

Diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax

Front 35

Occurs when alveolar pressure falls below atmospheric pressure.

Back 35

Inhalation

Hint 35

Diaphragm and intercostal area begin to expand

Front 36

This is a phospholipid produced by septal cells. Aids in breathing by lowering the surface tension to keep the alveoli from collapsing

Back 36

Surfactant

Front 37

Refers to how much effort is required to stretch the lungs and chest wall

Back 37

Compliance

Front 38

This means the lungs and chest wall resist expansion

Back 38

Low compliance

Front 39

This means the lungs and chest wall expand easily

Back 39

High compliance

Front 40

Name the 7 Breathing Patterns

Back 40

Dyspnea
Eupnea
Diaphragmatic
Costal
Apnea
Tachypnea
Modified Respiratory

Front 41

Painful or difficult breathing

Back 41

Dyspnea

Front 42

Quiet breathing

Back 42

Eupnea

Front 43

Deep abdominal breathing

Back 43

Diaphragmatic Breathing

Front 44

Shallow chest breathing

Back 44

Costal Breathing

Front 45

Stops breathing

Back 45

Apnea

Front 46

Rapid breathing

Back 46

Tachypnea

Front 47

Name the 5 lung volumes

Back 47

Tidal Volume
Inspiratory Reserve
Expiratory Reserve
Residual Volume
Minimal Volume

Front 48

Volume of one breath

Back 48

Tidal Volume

Front 49

Amount of volume during a deep breath

Back 49

Inspiratory Reserve

Front 50

Volume of air exhaled forcefully after a normal inhalation

Back 50

Expiratory Reserve

Front 51

Volume of air remaining in the lungs after expiratory reserve is exhaled

Back 51

Residual Volume

Front 52

Volume of air left after death

Back 52

Minimal Volume

Front 53

Name the 3 Lung Capacities

Back 53

Functional Residual Capacity
Vital Capacity
Total Lung Capacity

Front 54

The sum of residual volume and expiratory reserve volume

Back 54

Functional Residual Capacity

Front 55

Sum of Inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume and expiratory reserve volume

Back 55

Vital Capacity

Front 56

Sum of vital capacity and residual volume

Back 56

Total Lung Capacity

Front 57

Air that does not undergo respiratory exchange

Back 57

Anatomic Dead Space

Front 58

4 Things the rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange depend on

Back 58

1. Partial Pressure Difference of the gases
2. Surface area available
3. Diffusion Distance
4. Molecular weight and solubility

Front 59

4 Factors Affect Affinity of Hemoglobin for Oxygen

Back 59

1. Acidity
2. Partial Pressure of CO2
3. Temperature
4. BPG- ( 2, 3- Bisphosphoglycerate)

Front 60

As acidity increases and pH drops affinity for O2 decreases and O2 disassociates more readily from hemoglobin

Back 60

Acidity

Hint 60

O2 increases in the tissues

Front 61

As PcO2 rises hemoglobin releases O2 more readily

Back 61

Partial Pressure of CO2

Front 62

Temperature increases so does the amount of O2 released from hemoglobin

Back 62

Temperature

Front 63

This decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for O2

Back 63

BPG

Hint 63

So less O2 available for the tissues

Front 64

3 Ways CO2 is Transported and its Percentage

Back 64

1. Dissolved CO2 - 7%
2. Carbamino Compounds - 23%
3. Bicarbonate Ions - 70%