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34 Cards in this Set
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Personality |
Totality of emotional and behavioral characteristics that are particular to a specific person and that remain somewhat stable and predictable over time |
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Paranoid Personality disorder |
a pervasive, persistent, and inappropriate mistrust of others. Individuals with this disorder are suspicious of others' motives and assume that others intent to exploit harm, or deceive them. |
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Schizoid personality disorder |
characterized primarily by a profound defect in the ability to form personal relationships or to respond to others in any meaningful way. |
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Schizotypal Personality disorder |
behavior is odd and eccentric but does not decompensate to the level of schizophrenia. Patients are aloof and isolated and behave in a bland and apathetic manner. Magical thinking, ideas of reference, illusions, and depersonalization. |
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Antisocial personality disorder |
pattern of socially irresponsible, exploitative, and guiltless behavior that reflects general disregard for the rights of others. They exploit and manipulate others for personal gain and are unconcerned with obeying the law. |
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Borderline Personality Disorder |
Characterized by a pattern of intense and chaotic relationships, with affective instability and fluctuating attitudes toward other people. Highly impulsive |
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Histrionic Personality disorder |
characterized by colorful, dramatic, and extroverted behavior in excitable, emotional people. They have difficulty maintaining long-lasting relationships, although they require constant affirmation of approval and acceptance from others. |
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Narcissistic Personality Disorder |
They have an exaggerated sense of self-worth. They lack empathy and are hypersensitive to the evaluation of others. Believe they have the inalienable right to receive special consideration and that their desire is sufficient justification for possessing whatever they seek. |
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Avoidant personality disorder |
extremely sensitive to rejection and because of this may lead a very socially withdrawn life. May have a strong desire for companionship but extreme shyness and fear of rejection. Individuals are awkward and uncomfortable in social situations. |
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Dependent personality disorder |
characterized by a pattern of relying excessively on others for emotional support. They allow others to make decisions, to fell helpless when alone, to act submissively, to subordinate needs to others, tolerate mistreatment by others. |
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Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder |
characterized by inflexibility about the way in which things must be done *Devotion to productivity at the exclusion of personal pleasure
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When do personality disorders occur |
When personality traits become rigid and inflexible and contribute to maladaptive patterns of behavior or impairment in functioning |
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Clinical Picture of Paranoid Personality Disorder |
*Constantly on guard *Hypervigilant *Ready for any real or imagined threat *Trusts no one *Constantly test the honesty of others *Insensitive to the feelings of others *Oversensitive *Tends to misinterpret minute cues *Does not accept responsibility for his/her behavior *Attributes shortcomings to others |
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Clinical Picture of Schizoid Personality Disorder |
*Aloof and indifferent to others *Emotionally cold *No close friends; prefers to be alone *appears shy, anxious, or uneasy in the presence of the others * Imappropriately serious about everything and difficulty acting in a light-hearted manner |
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Schizoid Personality disorders Predisposing factors |
*Possible hereditary factor *Childhood has been characterized as: bleak, cold, unempathic, notably lacking in nurturing |
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Schizotypal Personality Disorder Clinical Picture |
*Clients are aloof and isolated *Behave in a bland and apathetic manner *magical thinking *Ideas of reference *Illusions *Depersonalization *Superstitiousness *Withdrawal into the self *Bizarre speech pattern |
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Schizotypal Predisposing factors |
*Possible hereditary factor *Possible physiological influence, such as *anatomic deficits or neurochemical dysfunctions *Early family dynamics characterized by: indifference, Impassivity, formality
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Antisocial Personality Disorder |
*Fails to sustain consistent employment *Fails to conform to the law *Exploits and manipulates other for personal gain *Fails to develop stable relationships |
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Borderline Clinical Picture |
*Emotionally unstable *Directly and indirectly self-destructive *Lacks a clear sense of identity * Affects about 1-2% of the population
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Histrionic Clinical Picture |
Excitable, emotional, colorful, dramatic, extroverted, self-dramatizing, attention-seeking, overly gregarious, seductive, manipulative, exhibitionistic, highly distractible, difficulty paying attention to detail, easily influenced by others, strongly dependent, somatic complaints are common. |
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Histrionic Predisposing factors |
*link to noradrenergic and serotonergic systems *Possible hereditary factor *Biogenetically determined temperament *learned behavior patterns |
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Narcissistic Clinical Picture |
*overly self-centered *Exploit others in an effort to fulfill own desires *mood, which is often grounded in grandiosity, is usually optimistic, relaxed, cheerful and care-free *Fragile self-esteem, mood can easily change if they do not: meet self-expectations, or receive the positive feedback they expect |
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Narcissistic Predisposing factors |
*As children, fears failures or dependency needs were responded to with criticism, disdain, or neglect *Parents were often narcissistic themselves *Parents may have overindulged their child and failed to set limits on inappropriate behavior |
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Avoidant Personality Disorders Clinical Picture |
*Awkward and uncomfortable in social situations *Desire close relationships but avoid them because fear of being rejects *Perceived as timid, withdrawn, or cold and strange *Often lonely and feel unwanted *View others as critical and betraying |
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Avoidant Personality Disorder Predisposing factors |
*no clear cause is known *may be a combination of biological, genetic, and psychosocial influences *Primary psychosocial influences: parental rejection and censure, often reinforced by peers |
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Dependent Clinical Picture |
*They have notable lack of self-confidence that is often apparent in their: posture, voice, and mannerisms *Typically passive and acquiescent to desires others *Overly generous and thoughtful, while underplaying their own attractiveness and achievements *Low self-worth and easily hurt by criticism *Assume passive and submissive roles in relationships |
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OCD clinical picture |
*especially concerned with matters of organization and efficiency *tend to be rigid and unbending *socially polite and formal *rank-conscious *ingratiating with authority figures *Autocratic and condemnatory with subordinates *On surface appear to be very calm and controlled but underneath is a great deal of ambivalence, conflict, and hostility |
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OCD predisposing factors |
Over-control by parents Notable parental lack of positive reinforcement for acceptable behavior Frequent punishment for undersirable behavior |
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Borderline Personality Disorder |
Instability of interpersonal relationships unstable self-image marked impulsivity Intensity of affect and behavior |
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Borderline common behaviors |
Chronic depression inability to be alone clinging and distancing behaviors splitting manipulation self-destructive behaviors impulsivity |
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Borderline Predisposing factors |
*Biochemical: possible serotonergic defect *Genetic: possible familial connection with depression *Psychosocial: childhood trauma/abuse
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Antisocial Common behaviors |
*exploitation and manipulation of others for personal gain *Belligerent and argumentative *lacks remorse *unable to delay gratification *low frustration tolerance *inconsistent work or academic performance *impulsive and reckless *inability to function as a responsible parent *inability to form lasting monogamous relationship
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Antisocial Predisposing factors |
*disruptive behavior disorder as a child *history of severe physical abuse *Absent or inconsistent parental discipline *Extreme poverty *Removal from the home *Always being rescued when in trouble *Maternal deprivation |
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Treatment for Personality Disorders |
Interpersonal psychotherapy Psychoanalytical psychotherapy milieu or group therapy cognitive/behavioral therapy Dialectical behavior therapy psychopharmacology |
