Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Horace Greeley |
• Editor of NY Tribune & used it to promote Whig & Republican parties, antislavery and reforms • founder of the Liberal Republican Party • Nom by Lib Rep in 1872 election b/c disgust w/ “Grantism” • N/S demos supported him, although Greeley hated the S Demos * Challenged corrupt Grant admin, and encouraged people to vote against it. Liberal Repub ideals would continue on in politics |
|
|
Roscoe Conkling |
• N.Y. Congressman who served both in HoR and Senate • Fought for blacks’ rights in congress • leader of the Stalwart faction of the Rep Party * Conklingites assumption of poli power through spoils system was shot down by Arthur= resilience against poli corruption in the Gilded Age
|
|
|
Rutherford B. Hayes |
• 19th POTUS (1877-1881)/ the end of Recon. • Won controversial election of 1876 vs Tilden by compo1877. gave presid/ ended reconstruction • reformed the prison system, sent envoys to China to negotiate immigrant regulation. * extended and continued oppression of blacks by ending Reconstruction. Added valuable scientific papers/books to the Library of Congress=> the increase in technological advancements of the US in the late 19th century.
|
|
|
James A. Garfield |
• 20th POTUS (1881) - Repub • entangled in political conflict b/t his secretary of state James G. Blaine and senator Roscoe Conkling • Assassinated by Charles J. Guiteau, a deranged office-seeker, who said “I am Stalwart. Arthur is now president of the U.S.”=Conkling supporters would be rewarded through the spoils system * b/c he died, Arthur took power and finally tried to fix some corruption in politics
|
|
|
Chester A. Arthur |
• VP to Garfield, • 21st POTUS 1881-1885 • During prez, prosecuted many fraud cases • signed pendleton act, which instituted the civil service. • signed Chinese exclusion act • Disliked by Rep party b/c decisions * limiting future scandals like in Grant’s admin by setting the law STR8!
|
|
|
Grover Cleveland |
• 22nd POTUS (1885-1889) & 24th (1893-1897) • Vetoed many military pensions, created by people like GAR • wanted lower Tariffs in 1887=divided the Repub & Dem in the 1888 election= his loss • Won 1892 election vs Repub and Populist • Panic of 1893= extreme drop of gold reserves in the Treas (<$100 million).to protect remaining gold= vetoed Silver Purchase Act of 1890 • turned to J. P. Morgan to lend the gov’t $65 mill in gold to sustain the treasury • passed Wilson-Gorman Tariff of 1894 * B/c failure to fix the panic of 1893, Populist party united to rally for farmer and the poor’s aid= swayed the Dem ideals to incorporate the Populist party into the Democrat party |
|
|
Benjamin Harrison |
• 23rd POTUS (1889-1893) • Repub. used 3 MIL dollars from industrialists to bribe voters to vote for Harrison • Lost popular votes, but won w/ Electoral votes • Supported keeping country’s big surplus of money from the war for internal improvements, but he and his admin= criticized/seen as greedily wasting gov't money • passed McKinley Tariff in 1890 and increased fed spending to a billion dollars *B/c he was heavily criticized, the Repub party lost the election of 1892. The maintenance of high tariffs => disgruntled feelings from farmers /poor workers=>form the Populist party |
|
|
William McKinley |
• 25th Repub POTUS 1897-1901, won 2nd term but assassinated by Czolgosz, an anarchist • passed Gold Standard Act of 1900= caused big leap in value of the dollar, was in opposition to Populist & Demo plans • Wrote Mckinley Tariff * Assass helped pave way for mod reforms.1896 election stifled demands for radical/social reforms. His vote for Sherman Silver Purchase Act helped lessen Western opposition to his stand on tariff |
|
|
Adlai E. Stevenson |
• 23rd VP (Under Cleveland from 1893-1897) • IL Congressmen from 1870s-1880s • When assistant to postmaster general during Cleveland's first presidency, replaced the Repub postal workers w/ Demo *He aggravated party differences w/ his discriminatory tactics and intense debating over the gold standard, worsening tensions. |
|
|
Chinese Exclusion Act |
• 1882, no chinese immigr into the U.S by arthur • In response to large amounts of chinese migrant workers, esp in CA where Chinese made up 9 percent of the population • b/c Chinese competed for low-paying jobs, usually w/ the Irish, led to violence by irish • repealed in 1943 * Showed gov't willingness to oppress a certain sect of people for the sake of other white people.
|
|
|
Gilded Age |
• 1870s-1900s • era of econ growth, esp in north and west • increase of industrialization and labor force • railroads, factories, mining and labor unions= major industries • lots of immigration/population growth • corruption and shady politics/business deals • Panics of 1873/93 interrupted growth & south remained econ devastated • notable growth in tech/ industry, increased wealth for U.S overall, but uneven distribution of wealth, blacks in south stripped of political power/rights * birth of modern US (industrialized). shift from being mostly agrarian to industrial. This strengthened US econ through interconnection of markets from RR |
|
|
Grandfather Clause |
• 1898 • southerners tried to regain control of South w/ Jim Crow Laws,Literacy Tests, and Poll Taxes • "anyone whose grandfather could vote @ the time of the Civil War could vote w/o needing to be approved by the voting standards, • disenfranchising essentially all blacks • ruled unconstit by S. Court in 1915 (Guinn v. US) * Shows classic racism that defines the confederate states, in a desperate move to regain control. These restrictions on the right to vote are evident throughout history and blacks always are the targets. |
|
|
Tweed Ring |
• Demo party political machine (1860’s) by William M. Tweed • Used bribery, corruption, and intimidation to make ~ $200 million • Tweed had his friends elected to office, sp. in N.Y, to get away w/ money scandals • Tweed ran Tammany Hall, which made money thru taking advantage of gov’t funds by overcharging the gov’t to fund public improvements • busted in 1871 by N.Y Times. Attorney Samuel Tilden prosecuted Tweed that led to his 12 yr sentence * While the Tweed Ring drained taxpayer’s dollars, it managed to help the underprivileged immigrants, esp Irish immigrants through public improvements. Example of political corruption during Gilded Age. |
|
|
"Crime of '73" |
• coinage act of 1873 • In the 1870’s, the Treasury ended the minting of silver dollars and placed the country on the gold standard, leading silver miners to stop selling their silver to the federal mints • W/ no silver to mint,Congress passed the Coinage Act of 1873 to stop all minting of silver coins • Restored the govt’s credit rating but lowered amount of money per capita in circulation * Angered westerners who supported silver currency, inspiring them to form the Greenback Labor party. Beginning of currency dispute, would be part of Populist platform in 1890’s. Foreshadowed Gold Standard Act (1900) |
|
|
Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) |
• 1886-1956 • Unified poli group of Union veterans • important portion of the Republican party • Advocated support for veterans, including black soldiers • During Cleveland, they pushed pensions and benefits for soldiers, but Cleveland vetoed many * Fought for Veteran’s benefits that still exist today, such as medical care. Incorporated ideas of socialism into the picture. |
|
|
Compromise of 1877 |
• settlement for the Demo and Repub over the tied election b/t Hayes and Tilden. For Hayes to be the prez, Republicans promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Demo to cabinet (David Key postmaster general) 3) Fed money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river • Ended Reconstruction * Blacks were infuriated that the fight for their rights had abruptly stopped. Arguably the issue for equality has yet to be solved, today. |
|
|
Pendleton Act |
• 1883: passed by Republicans outraged by Garfield’s murder • civil service reform that est Civil Service commission • Said someone had to have the proper requisites to get a job, instead of through corrupt means • At first only affected 10% of Fed jobs, however; hit a peak of 90% during Nixon’s presidency * Helped deter the spoils system that was tainting gov't and prevented the potency of political machines and corruption |
|
|
Plessy v. Ferguson |
• S. Court case of 1896 • LA passed Separate Car Act =required separate cars/accommodations for blacks and whites on railways • Creoles=angered • Homer Plessy, a Creole, tested the law and he required to sit in the black car, so they brought it to court and Judge John Ferguson ruled in LA's favor • then they appealed to the S. Court who ruled against Plessy, * est “separate but equal” standard, setting the legality of segregation, which plagued the country for the next half century
|
|
|
Jim Crow |
• systematic state-level legal segregation codes from 1876-1965 • racial segregation in all public facilities in the south • econ, edu, and social disadvantages for blacks • Plessy v. Ferguson which legalized segregation * major factor to the Great Migration during the first half of the 20th century when many blacks move to northern cities seeking better lives |
|
|
People's Party (Populists) |
• “People’s Party” • comprised of earlier movements to push for benefits for farmers and factory workers; including the Granger movement, Farmers Alliance, Knights of Labor, etc. • was criticized as having too many loosely strung together ideals • demanded railroad regulation, powerful union, silver standards, and many more social and economic reforms *The conjoining of Democrat and Populist parties solidified the two-party system, and some of their accelerating radical ideas may have brought about the close loss of the Populists in 1896. This sharp election is followed by a diminish in popular vote turnout, yet while the Populist party did die out, many of their reformations lived on and dwelt w/in mainstream thought during the 20th century, resulting in social security, regulation of business, and viable labor unions. |
