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57 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Two main groups of the digestive system?
alimentary canal

accesory digestive organs
Alimentary canal is also called?
the GI tract (gastrointestinal)
Path of the GI tract?
mouth to the anus
Two main functions of the GI tract?
Digests food

absorbs digested fragments
Six organs of the alimentary canal?
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine'
large intestine
Large intestine leads to the ?
Anus
How long is the alimentary canal?
30 foot approx
Accessory digestive organs?
teeth
tongue
gallbladder
salivary gland
liver
pancreas
Accessory digestive glands produce?
secretions that help break down food
Six essential activities the digestive tract processes food?
Ingestion
Propulsion
Mechanical breakdown
digestion
absorbtion
defecation
Describe ingestion?
simply taking foods in via the mouth
Describe propulsion?
Swallowing voluntray

Peristalis involuntray
Peristalsis?
involves alternating waves of relaxation and contraction in the organ walls
What is mechanical breakdown?
increases the surface area of ingested food.

Chewing, mixing with saliva
Segmentation?
rhythmic local constriction of the small intestine
Describe digestion?
catabolic steps that enzmes break down food into chemical building blocks
Describe absorbtion?
passage of digested end products into the mucosal cells
Describe defecation?
elimnation of indegestible substances
Digestive activity is provoked by a range of?
mechanical and chemical stimuli
Describe the location of the gut brain?
enteric nerve plexuses that spread along the length of the GI tract
Define peritoneum?
a slipper serous membrane of the abdominopelvic cavity
Visceral peritoneum?
Covers the extrenal surfaces of the organ
Parietal peritoneum?
Lines the body wall of the organ
What lies between the two peritoneums?
The peritoneal cavity
Define what a mesentary is?
double layer of peritoneum ... a sheet of two serous membranes fused back to back
What does a mesentary actually do?
routes for blood vessels and nerves

holds organs in place

stores fat
Name three retroperitoneal organs?
(behind)

pancreas, duodenum, large intestine
Peritionitis?
Inflammation of the peritoneum

(burst appendix or piercing trauma)
What happens when an appendix bursts?
sprays bacteria covered feces all over the peritoneum
Define splanchnic circulation?
includes arteries that branch off the abdominal aorta to serve the digestive organs
Four basic layers of the alimentary canal?
"Tunics"
1. mucosas
2. submucosa
3. muscalaris
4. serosa
3 functions of the mucosa (innermost layer)?
secrete mucous

absorb end products of digestion

protect against disease
Submucosa's main function?
abundant elasticity allows it to regain its shape after a large meal
What is the muscularis responsible for ?
segmentation and peristalsis
What is the serosa responsible for?
"outermost layer"

Connective tissue
In house nerve supply of the alimentary canal?
enteric neurons
How is the enteric nervous system linked to the CNS?
afferent visceral fibers

sympathetic and parasympathetic branches
Parasympathetic activities do what to the disgestive system?
enhance
enteric nervous system has over how many neurons?
100 million
Three main functions of the mouth?
chew food

mix it with saliva

propulse the food into the system
Mouth is also called the?
Oral Cavity
Anterior opening of the mouth?
oral orifice
The name of the antimicrobial peptides ??
Defensins
What is the palate?

What are its two distinct parts?
Roof of the mouth...

hard plate anteriorly and soft plate posteriorly
What does the soft palate do?
rises reflexively to close off the nasopharynx when we swallow

"Can't swallow and breathe at same time"
Projecting downward from the free edge of the soft palate is the fingerlike?
Uvula
What is the tongue composed of?
interlacing bundles of skeletal muscle
How long is the esophagus?
10 inches long
Where does the esophagud pearce through the diaphragm?
esophageal hiatus
What is a hiatal hernia?
superior part of the stomach protrudes slightly above the diaphragm
Unlike the mouth and pharynx, the esophagus wall has?
all four basic alimentary canal layers
Four things that the mouth does in most digestive processes.
ingests
begins mechanical breakdown
initiates propulsion
starts the chemical breakdown
Deglutition?
Swallowing
How many muscle groups are used in swallowing?
Over 22
Buccal phase?
Voluntary beginning phase of swallowing
Pharyngeal-esophageal phase?
Involuntary phase controlled by swallowing center in the medulla and lower pons
Below the esophagus, the GI tract expands to form the?
Stomach