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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Two main groups of the digestive system?
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alimentary canal
accesory digestive organs |
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Alimentary canal is also called?
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the GI tract (gastrointestinal)
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Path of the GI tract?
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mouth to the anus
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Two main functions of the GI tract?
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Digests food
absorbs digested fragments |
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Six organs of the alimentary canal?
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mouth
pharynx esophagus stomach small intestine' large intestine |
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Large intestine leads to the ?
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Anus
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How long is the alimentary canal?
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30 foot approx
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Accessory digestive organs?
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teeth
tongue gallbladder salivary gland liver pancreas |
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Accessory digestive glands produce?
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secretions that help break down food
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Six essential activities the digestive tract processes food?
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Ingestion
Propulsion Mechanical breakdown digestion absorbtion defecation |
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Describe ingestion?
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simply taking foods in via the mouth
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Describe propulsion?
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Swallowing voluntray
Peristalis involuntray |
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Peristalsis?
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involves alternating waves of relaxation and contraction in the organ walls
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What is mechanical breakdown?
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increases the surface area of ingested food.
Chewing, mixing with saliva |
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Segmentation?
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rhythmic local constriction of the small intestine
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Describe digestion?
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catabolic steps that enzmes break down food into chemical building blocks
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Describe absorbtion?
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passage of digested end products into the mucosal cells
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Describe defecation?
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elimnation of indegestible substances
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Digestive activity is provoked by a range of?
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mechanical and chemical stimuli
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Describe the location of the gut brain?
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enteric nerve plexuses that spread along the length of the GI tract
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Define peritoneum?
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a slipper serous membrane of the abdominopelvic cavity
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Visceral peritoneum?
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Covers the extrenal surfaces of the organ
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Parietal peritoneum?
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Lines the body wall of the organ
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What lies between the two peritoneums?
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The peritoneal cavity
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Define what a mesentary is?
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double layer of peritoneum ... a sheet of two serous membranes fused back to back
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What does a mesentary actually do?
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routes for blood vessels and nerves
holds organs in place stores fat |
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Name three retroperitoneal organs?
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(behind)
pancreas, duodenum, large intestine |
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Peritionitis?
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Inflammation of the peritoneum
(burst appendix or piercing trauma) |
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What happens when an appendix bursts?
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sprays bacteria covered feces all over the peritoneum
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Define splanchnic circulation?
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includes arteries that branch off the abdominal aorta to serve the digestive organs
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Four basic layers of the alimentary canal?
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"Tunics"
1. mucosas 2. submucosa 3. muscalaris 4. serosa |
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3 functions of the mucosa (innermost layer)?
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secrete mucous
absorb end products of digestion protect against disease |
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Submucosa's main function?
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abundant elasticity allows it to regain its shape after a large meal
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What is the muscularis responsible for ?
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segmentation and peristalsis
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What is the serosa responsible for?
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"outermost layer"
Connective tissue |
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In house nerve supply of the alimentary canal?
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enteric neurons
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How is the enteric nervous system linked to the CNS?
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afferent visceral fibers
sympathetic and parasympathetic branches |
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Parasympathetic activities do what to the disgestive system?
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enhance
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enteric nervous system has over how many neurons?
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100 million
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Three main functions of the mouth?
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chew food
mix it with saliva propulse the food into the system |
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Mouth is also called the?
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Oral Cavity
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Anterior opening of the mouth?
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oral orifice
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The name of the antimicrobial peptides ??
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Defensins
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What is the palate?
What are its two distinct parts? |
Roof of the mouth...
hard plate anteriorly and soft plate posteriorly |
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What does the soft palate do?
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rises reflexively to close off the nasopharynx when we swallow
"Can't swallow and breathe at same time" |
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Projecting downward from the free edge of the soft palate is the fingerlike?
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Uvula
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What is the tongue composed of?
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interlacing bundles of skeletal muscle
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How long is the esophagus?
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10 inches long
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Where does the esophagud pearce through the diaphragm?
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esophageal hiatus
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What is a hiatal hernia?
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superior part of the stomach protrudes slightly above the diaphragm
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Unlike the mouth and pharynx, the esophagus wall has?
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all four basic alimentary canal layers
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Four things that the mouth does in most digestive processes.
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ingests
begins mechanical breakdown initiates propulsion starts the chemical breakdown |
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Deglutition?
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Swallowing
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How many muscle groups are used in swallowing?
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Over 22
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Buccal phase?
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Voluntary beginning phase of swallowing
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Pharyngeal-esophageal phase?
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Involuntary phase controlled by swallowing center in the medulla and lower pons
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Below the esophagus, the GI tract expands to form the?
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Stomach
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