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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Protista? |
is the most poorly defined kingdom under the domain eukarya |
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Protista |
Most are microscopic BUT can be multicellular, can be colonies, can be several meters long |
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Characteristics believed to be common to Ancestor of All Eukaryotes? |
-Cells with a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear envelope with nuclear pores -Mitochondria or some remnant of mitochondria -Some form of cytoskeleton -Flagella or cilia (or ancestors that had them) -Chromosomes with DNA wrapped around histones -Mitosis- all perform it -The ability to reproduce sexually -Ability to make cell wall |
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The theory of how eukaryotes evolved\ |
Endosymbiosis, endosymbiotic Theory- when one cell engulfs another, they survive , they benefit, eventually become dependent on one another, can't survive separately |
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Mitochondria |
Have their own, circular DNA, maybe came from another organism Divide on their own from preexisting mitochondria Second membrane most likely from a vacuole that engulfed Come from aerobic bacteria |
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Chloroplasts |
Came from cyanobacteria that could do photosynthesis that was engulfed by another cell, because it has a double membrane Has own circular DNA maybe came from another organism Chloroplasts self replicate, maybe once divided on their own |
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Metabolism |
Aerobic/anaerobic. Phototrophic (light from energy) /Heterotrophic/mixotrophic (both) /saprobes (live off dead things) |
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Stramenopiles |
Two flagella, one hairy one not Part of plankton Make up kelp, can grow up to 60 meters long |
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Diatoms |
Glassy cell wall Found in ice |
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Rhizaria |
Contains many of the amoebas with threadlike pseudopods Cytoplasmic streaming- how pseudopods move Forams Tiny shells with pseudopods that they extend through pores |
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Archaeplastida |
Contains algae and land plants Red algae Looks red during photosynthesis multicellular , don't have flagella Live in tropical water Green algae Places that are wet One type is a volvox Lives as a colony Coordinates movements |
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Amoebacteria |
Parasitic Slime mold Tubular, thicker pseudopods |
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Opisthokonta |
Contains animals and fungi as well Most similar to animals like sponges Can live unicellular or in a colony Cell body with nucleus, microvilli to draw in food, and flagellum to help move Protists are the main sources of nutrients on the whole planet Responsibilities for over a fourth of photosynthesis done on the plant An organism can directly eat them, or eat something that has eaten it
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Motility |
Cilia- tiny hairs Pseudopods-fake arm Flagella- tail |
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Life cycle |
Asexual reproduction, binary fission (most undergo) Allows to better survive, adapt, get new traits Multiple fission- when one makes multiple Bud- makes a bud, then it grows on its own Sexual- many use at least at times |
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Habitat |
Water, parasites, dead organisms |
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How heterotrophs get their food? |
Phagocytosis-food particles engulfed into a food vacuole, joins a lysosome that breaks down a food and the waste is released by exocytosis |
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New proposed ways to group eukaryotes |
Into 6 supergroups |
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Excavata |
Asymmetrical Unicellular Have a feeding groove Giardia Intestinal parasite Don't have working mitochondria Found in places without O2. poop. Several flagella Two nuclei Get it from drinking water with poop particles it had in it Trichomonas Vaginalis Don't have a working mitochondria Flagella Produces hydrogen gas Most common in females Can cause cervical cancer, early births Englenozoa Causes african sleeping sickness Infected flies bite people to pass on the protista in a back and forth cycle Can be fatal |
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Chromalveolata |
Dinoflagellates Most have a hard casting, really protected. 2 flagella that move in a way that looks like spinning One of the main things that makes up plankton Live in water Bioluminescent When they bloom and reproduce in large numbers it causes red tide (causes water to look a muddy red) Makes a toxin that kills fish,birds, and humans that consume it |
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Plasmodium |
Causes malaria Has a life cycle inside a mosquito |
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Cilliates |
2 different nuclei (Micro/Macro) Micro directs sexual reproduction Paramecium eats food by phagocytosis |
