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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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pleurisy (pleuritis)
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inflammation of the pleura
usually viral or pneumonia related sx: chest pain w/coughing, sneezing, deep breathing |
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pleural effusion
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pathologic collection of fluid in the pleural space
blood: hemothorax pus: empyema |
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pneumothorax
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air enters pleural cavity
takes up space restricts lung expansion partial or complete collapse of the affected lung |
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Spontaneous pneumothorax
traumatic pneumothorax |
air filled blister on lung ruptures
air enters through chest injuries |
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open pneumothorax
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air enters pleural cavity through the wound on inhalation and leaves on exhalation
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tension pneumothorax
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air enters pleural cavity through the wound on inhalation but cannot leave on exhalation
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sx of pneumothorax
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immediate tachypnea
dyspnea asymmetry of chest movement diminished or absent breath sounds hyposemia |
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sx of pleural effusion
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respiratory sx
mediastinal/tracheal shift away from affected side |
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atelectasis
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collapse or compression of part or all of a lung by obstruction
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sx of stelectasis
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respiratory sx
decreased chest expansion mediastinal/tracheal shift to affected side |
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extrinsic (atopic) asthma
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type I hypersensitivity
mast cells cause acute response in 10-20min. airway inflammation causes late phase response |
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Intrinsic (nonatropic) asthma
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respiratory infections
exercise, hyperventilation, cold air inhaled irritants aspirin and othe rNSAIDS |
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etiology of bronchial asthma
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bronchial airway edema/inflammation
bronchospasm/constriction mucous hypersecretion |
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sx of bronchial asthma
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cough, wheeze
respiratory distress runny nose anxiety "tight chest" |
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bronchiectasis
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infection and inflammation destroy smooth muscle in airways, causing premanent dilation
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emphysema
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enlargement of air spaces and destruction of lung tissue
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pink puffers
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usually emphysema
increase respiration to maintain o2 dyspnea; increased ventilatory effort use of accessory muscles; pursed-lips |
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chronic bronchitis
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chronic bronchial irritation and inflammation
bronchial edema hypersecretion of mucus bronchospasm |
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dx and rx of chronic bronchitis
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productive cough >3mo. x2yrs.
inhalers corticosteroids low dose o2 smoking cessation |
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blue bloaters
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usually bronshitis
cannot increase respiration enough to maintain o2 levels cyanosis and polycythemia co pulmonale |
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cystic fibrosis
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recessive disorder in Cl transport
high concentrations of NaCl in sweat less Na+ and water insecretions mucos is thicker |
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sx of cystic fibrosis
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sx of resp. insufficiency
increased mucus chronic lung infections salty skin Gi/pancreatic sx |
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pulmonary embolism
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no or decreased pulmonary circulation
secondary to blood clot hx DVT, venous stasis, bed rest Hallmark: sudden SOB |
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pulmonary hypertension
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increased pulmonary arterial pressure
viral, drugs, secondary to disease, HIV leads to RHF dyspnea, syncope, CP, activity intolerance |
