Chapter 22 Musculoskeletal Trauma, Essentials Of Paramedic Care

Front 1

types of muscular injuries

Back 1

contusion, compartment syndrome, penetrating injury, muscle fatigue, muscle cramp, muscle spasm, muscle strain.

Front 2

fatigue

Back 2

condition in which a muscle's ability to respond to stimulation is lost or reduced through overactivity.

Front 3

cramping

Back 3

muscle pain resulting from overactivity, lack of oxygen, and accumulation of waste products.

Front 4

spasm

Back 4

intermittent or continuous contraction of a muscle.

Front 5

strain

Back 5

intermittent or continuous contraction of a muscle.

Front 6

types of joint injury

Back 6

sprain, subluxation, dislocation

Front 7

sprain

Back 7

tearing of a joint capsule's connective tissues.

Front 8

types of sprains

Back 8

grade 1- minor and incomplete capsule tear; painful, but minimal swelling; joint stable

grade 2- significant but incomplete tear; moderate to severe pain, swelling; joint intact but unstable.

grade 3- complete tear; severe pain and spasm; joint unstable

Front 9

subluxation

Back 9

partial displacement of a bone end from its position in a joint capsule.

Front 10

dislocation

Back 10

complete displacement of a bone end from its position in a joint capsule.

Front 11

types of fractures

Back 11

open, closed, hairline, impacted, transverse, oblique, comminuted, spiral, greenstick, epiphyseal.

Front 12

closed fracture

Back 12

a broken bone in which that bone ends or the forces that caused the fracture do not puncture the skin.

Front 13

open fracture

Back 13

a broken bone in which the bone ends or the forces that caused the fracture penetrate the surrounding skin.

Front 14

hairline fracture

Back 14

small crack in a bone that does not disrupt its total structure.

Front 15

impacted fracture

Back 15

break in a bone in which the bone is compressed on itself.

Front 16

transverse fracture

Back 16

a break that runs across a bone perpendicular to the bone's orientation.

Front 17

oblique fracture

Back 17

break in a bone running across it at an angle other than 90 degrees.

Front 18

comminuted fracture

Back 18

fracture in which a bone is broken into several pieces.

Front 19

spiral fracture

Back 19

a curving break in a bone as may be caused by rotational forces.

Front 20

fatigue fracture

Back 20

break in a bone associated with prolonged or repeated stress.

Front 21

greenstick fracture

Back 21

partial fracture of a child's bone.

Front 22

epiphyseal fracture

Back 22

disruption in the epiphyseal plate of a child' bone.

Front 23

osteoporsis

Back 23

weakening of bone tissue due to loss of essential minerals, especially calcium.

Front 24

callus

Back 24

thickened area that forms at the site of a fracture as part of the repair process.

Front 25

bursitis

Back 25

acute or chronic inflammation of the small synovial sacs.

Front 26

tendonitis

Back 26

inflammation of a tendon and/or its protective sheath.

Front 27

arthritis

Back 27

inflammation of a joint.

Front 28

osteoarthritis

Back 28

inflammation of a joint resulting from wearing of the articular cartilage.

Front 29

rheumatoid arthritis

Back 29

chronic disease that causes deterioration of peripheral joint connective tissue.

Front 30

gout

Back 30

inflammation of joints and connective tissue due to buildup of uric acid crystals.

Front 31

classification of patients with musculoskeletal injuries

Back 31

life-and-limb threatening injuries; life-threatening injuries, minor musculoskeletal injuries; non-life-threatening, serious limb-threatening injuries; non-life-threatening injuries, isolated minor musculoskeletal injuries.

Front 32

the six Ps in evaluating limb injury

Back 32

pain, pallor, paralysis, paresthesia, pressure, pulses.

Front 33

early indicators of compartment syndrome

Back 33

feelings of tension within the limb; loss of distal sensations (especially in webs of fingers and toes); complaints of pain; condition more severe than mechanism of injury would indicate; pain or passive extension of extremity ; pulse deficit (late sign).

Front 34

basics of musculoskeletal injury care

Back 34

protecting open wounds; exposure of the injury; proper positioning; immobilizing the injury; monitoring of neurovascular function.

Front 35

reduction

Back 35

returning of displaced bone ends to their proper anatomical orientation.

Front 36

rice procedure for strains, sprains, and soft-tissue injuries

Back 36

rest the extremity; ice for the first 48 hours; compress with elastic bandage; elevate extremity.