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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Jesuits
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Members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic order founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1534. They played an important part in the Catholic Reformation and helped create Conduits of trade and knowledge between Asia and Europe.
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Siberia
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The extreme northeastern sector of Asia, including the Kamchatka Peninsula and the present Russian coast of the Arctic Ocean, the Bering Strait, and the Sea of Okhotsk.
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Muscovy
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Russian principality that emerged gradually during the era of Mongol domination. The Muscovite dynasty ruled without interruption from 1276 to 1598.
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tsar
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From Latin Caesar, this Russian title for a monarch was first used in reference to a Russian ruler by Ivan III (r. 1462-1505).
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Mikhail Romanov
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Russian tsar (r. 1613-1645) A member of the Russian aristocracy, he became tsar after the old line of Muscovite rulers was deposed.
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Cossacks
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Peoples of the Russian Empire who lived outside the farming villages, often as herders, mercenaries, or outlaws. Cossacks led the conquest of Siberia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
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Peter the Great
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(1672-1725) Russian tsar (r. 1689-1725). He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg.
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Autocracy
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The theory justifying strong, centralized rule, such as by the tsar in Russia or Haile Selassie in Ethiopia. The autocrat did not rely on the aristocracy or the clergy for his or her legitimacy.
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serfs
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In medieval Europe, an agricultural laborer legally bound to a lord's property and obligated to perform set services for the lord. In Russia some serfs worked as artisans and in factories; serfdom was not abolished there until 1861.
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Ming Empire
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Empire based in China that Zhu Yuanzhang established after the overthrow of the Yuan Empire. The Ming emperor Yongle sponsored the building of the Forbidden City and the voyages of Zheng He.
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dalai lama
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Originally, a title meaning 'universal priest' that the Mongol khans invente and bestowed on a Tibetan lama (priest) in the late 1500s to legitimate their power in Tibet. Subsequently, the title of the religious and political leader of Tibet.
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Manchus
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Federation of Northeast Asian peoples who founded the Qing Empire.
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Qing Empire
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Empire established in China by Manchus who overthrew the Ming Empire in 1644. At various times the Qing also controlled Manchuria, Mongolia, Turkestan, and Tibet. The last Qing emperor was overthrown in 1911.
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Kangxi
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Qing emperor (r. 1662-1722). He oversaw the greatest expansion of the Qing Empire.
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variolation
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The technique of enhancing immunity by exposing patients to dried mucous taken from those already infected.
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Macartney Mission
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The unsuccessful attempt by the British Empire to establish diplomatic relations with the Qing Empire.
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Tokugawa Shogunate
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The last of the three shogunates of Japan
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samurai
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Literally 'those who serve,' the hereditary military elite of the Tokugawa Shogunate.
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