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13 Cards in this Set
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Andrew Johnson |
• 17th POTUS, (1865-1869) • came to office as Civil War ended/lincoln assassinated • favored quick restoration of seceded states to Union • came into conflict w/ the Repub-dominated Cong, => impeachment by the HoR • opposed the 14th Amend, which gave citizenship to blacks. • Congress passed the Tenure of Office Act, restricting Johnson in firing Cabinet officials when he persisted in trying to dismiss Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, * Generally considered among the worst presidents for his opposition to federally guarantee rights for blacks and the first president to be impeached, but he was acquitted in the Senate by one vote |
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Freedman's Bureau |
• March 3, 1865 • Intent: primitive welfare agency, Provide food, clothing, medical care, and education to freedmen and refugees of all ages • Johnson repeatedly tried to get rid of it • Ended in 1872 * Its greatest success was edu, teaching around 200,000 blacks how to read; W/ an edu, blacks had an advantage in the pursuit of becoming equal to the white. Threatened white supremacy since it gave blacks a valuable tool to thrive in a society that pulls them down |
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10% Plan |
• Lincoln/ mod Repub, Confed/south, 1863 • Lincoln’s attempt to reunite the union and confed • A southern state can be readmitted into the Union if 10% of voters swore an oath of allegiance to the Union. • Southern private property (excluding slaves) granted protection • Opposed by Rad Repub because it was “too lenient” • Led to the development of the Wade-Davis Bill * Paved the way for more reconstruction policies= catalyzing the country’s reunion. |
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Wade-Davis Bill |
• Rad Repub, Confed/southern states, 1864 • Radical Republican’s bill for the readmittance of southern states • southern state can be readmitted into the Union if 50% of voters swore an “ironclad oath” of allegiance to the Union. • If oath taken, provided for constitutional conventions excluding confederate officials • Set safeguards for black civil liberties (except voting) • Lincoln didn’t believe it would end the war quickly=>pocket-vetoed it. *Showed the division b/t the President and Congress and the differences in beliefs between the radical Republicans and the moderate Republicans--foreshadowing a split and the formation of a new political party. |
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Black Codes |
• Johnson, 1885 to control freed blacks • guarantee stable and subservient labor force= slavery again • large penalties imposed on blacks who did not obey labor contract • low wages w/ one owner • captured blacks could be fined • forbade blacks to serve on jury, from buy land, from voting, from conducting business, and from moving freely in public, repealed in 1866 • still seen as slaves and treated like slaves= Freedom for blacks not real • Many blacks, left penniless, became sharecroppers after Black Codes were repealed * Continuation of the need for whites to maintain white supremacy. We see similar restrictions in the 50s-60s Civil Rights Era. |
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Sharecropping |
• used by land-owning whites to exploit blacks in the south • landowners put many hidden, illegal fines on the blacks who worked for them • landowners would charge more for the land, than black tenants could earn, pushing huge debt upon them • incredible amounts of debt were placed on the tenants=forced to work in order to repay • 1876-1960 • allowed very poor BW farmers to earn some money from farming by using someone else’s land, but kept most tenants in a lot of debt. * system enabled white landowners to practically own the poor blacks who did not have the skills or money to escape debt. |
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Fourteenth Amendment |
• July 9th,1868 • Blacks both free and former slave, citizenship • Also stated that anybody born in the US regardless of the citizenship of parents =citizens • does not extend to Native Americans • Extended citizenship to immigrants and Blacks as well and established a system where foreigners can become US citizens. * Citizenship in the US was given an established and broad definition allowing many immigrants and Blacks to experience the benefits and rights of citizenship (in theory). |
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Thaddeus Stevens |
• PA house member • Most powerful Rad Rep in the house • seceded states =conquered provinces • Promoted reconstruction laws,14th amend • Defended run-away slaves in court for free and was buried in a black cemetery (uh) • Leading figure on Joint-Committee on Reconstruction • Helped Lincoln fund the war, helping pass Legal Tender Act of 1862 and the Nat'l Banking Act-• Fought strongly against Johnson and his policies, and set plans to impeach -Had the US implement more of Stevens ideas into legislature, our history would go down a different path |
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Fifteenth Amendment |
• Reconstruction Amendments • Asserts the right of all men to suffrage regardless of race • 1870 -Some Republicans refused to vote on the bill b/c it didn’t ban poll taxes or literacy tests • Infuriated the South * Led to the southerners finding new ways to prevent blacks from voting through the KKK, literacy tests, and poll taxes. First step for blacks to take political action in order to get more protection and rights. |
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Carpetbaggers |
• southern name for northerners who moved to the south during Reconstruction • northerners trying to take advantage of econ confusion in the South to get personal power and profit • all their goods were packed in a carpetbag suitcases • supported Republican party • southerners saw them as people wanting to loot the defeated south • helped form Republican party in south * shaped southern politics and implementing northern influence
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Klu Klux Klan |
• formed after the Civil War by six Confederate leaders in 1866 • Grand Wizard=Nathan Bedford Forrest • spread across the South quickly • instill fear w/in blacks /Repub and prevent the oncoming social changes; did use murder • was disbanded by federal troops under the Force Acts of 1871 and 1872 * signified the necessity of the Civil Rights Act as well as other legislation. Hindered reconstruction because of domestic terrorism. |
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Force Acts |
• 3 Acts passed in response to resistance to Reconstruction from Southerners • Enforcement Act of 1870-- banned use of violence to restrict the right of someone to vote based on their race. harsh penalties for anyone who prevented someone from voting allowed prosecution of KKK members to near destruction of the Klan • Enforcement Act of 1871--allowed fed oversight of state elections if 2 /20,000 people asked for it • KKK Act 1871, second Enforcement Act of 1871 designated more Klan activities as fedoffences and prez could suspend habeas corpus if Klan was violent * Showed that states were not following the legislation of the Amendments, and that US gov't recognized the inequality that still existed and was willing to take action to fix that. |
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"Seward's Folly" |
• purchase of Alaska in 1867 from Russia • Russia = scared of a war w/ Britain in which they would lose Alaska=>selling it would be more profitable • criticizes as the Secretary of State William H. Seward’s “folly” b/c many believed America got the bad end of the bargain • many believed America already had enough issues w/ settling in US that was full of Indians, and that it did not accurately reflect the desire of the American people nor their needs as citizens • although it was discovered Alaska had many resources such as gold, copper, and oil * Though many disagreed with the purchase of Alaska, it showed that the desire to expand as far as possible from the zeal of Manifest Destiny still played a role in American politics. It also inadvertently gave the US many strategically valuable resources, furthering its position as a global power and leader.
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