Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
evolution
|
the processes that have transformed life on Earth from its earliest forms to the vast diversity that charecterizes it today
|
|
|
natural selection
|
a population of organisms can change over time as a result of individuals with certain heritable traits leaving more offspring than other individuals
|
|
|
evolutionary adaptations
|
inherited charecteristics that enhance an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment
|
|
|
natural theology
|
a philosophy dedicated to discovering the creator's plan by studying nature. everything is made for a particular purpose
|
|
|
taxonomy
|
branch of biology concerned with naming and classifying the diverse forms of life
|
|
|
fossils
|
relics or impressions of organisms from the past, mineralized in rock
|
|
|
sedimentary rocks
|
formed from the sand and mud that settle to the bottom of seas, lakes and marshes. fossils are in them.
|
|
|
paleontology
|
developed by Georges Cuvier, study of fossils. deeper the level of stratum, the more dissimilar plants and animals were from modern plants and animals
|
|
|
catastrophism
|
each boundary between strata corresponded in time to a catastrophe that destoryed many of the species living there at the time
|
|
|
gradualism
|
profound cahnge is the cumulative product of slow but continuous processes
|
|
|
uniformitarianism
|
geological processes have not changed throughout earth's history
|
|
|
Lamarck
|
species could move up the ladders toward greater complexity. evolution responded to "timents interieurs" (felt needs)
|
|
|
LaMarck continues
|
thought acquired charecteristics were inherited
|
|
|
origin of species hypothesis
|
over many generations, two populations could become dissimilar enough to be designated separate species
|
|
|
descent with modification
|
unity in lkife, organisms related because all descended from same, modified in different habitats
|
|
|
observation 1
|
if all organisms reproduced successfully, the population would increase exponentially
|
|
|
observation 2
|
populations remain stable in size except for seasonal fluctuations
|
|
|
observation 3
|
environmental resources are limited, thus more inidividuals than the enivornment can support creates a struggle that means only a fraction of offspring can survive
|
|
|
observation 4&5
|
no two individuals are exactly alike
much of this variation is heritable |
|
|
natural selection
|
1. unequal success in reproduction 2. depends on environment and variability in individual organisms 3. the product is the adaptation of populations of organisms to their environment
|
|
|
artificial selection
|
the breeding of domesticated plants and animals
|
|
|
population
|
group of interbreeding individuals belonging to a parituclar species and sharing a common georgraphic area (smallest unit that can evolve)
|
|
|
biogeography
|
geographical distribution of species
|
|
|
homology
|
similarity in charecteristics resulting from common ancestors
|
|
|
homologous structures
|
anatomical signs of evolution
|
|
|
vestigal organs
|
structures of marginal, if any, importance to the organism. remnants of historical structures that used to be important. represent change in pattern of gene epression in embryonic development
|
|
|
comparative embyology
|
organisms started off similary.
|
|
|
ontogeny & phylogeny
|
o-development of individual organism/p- evolutionary history of species. "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny"= overstatement
|
|
|
molecular biology
|
similar paragraphs of genes and proteins/ can compare amino acids in hemoglobin
|
