Chapter 21 Vocabulary

Front 1

Addiction

Back 1

Physical and psychological dependence on and craving for a drug

Front 2

Additive action

Back 2

Drug action in which the combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each

Front 3

Aerosol

Back 3

Particles of drug suspended in air

Front 4

Anaphylaxis

Back 4

Exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered drug or foreign protein

Front 5

Antagonistic action

Back 5

Combination of two drugs gives less than an additive effect

Front 6

Antidote

Back 6

Agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug

Front 7

Brand name

Back 7

Commercial name for a drug: trademark or trade name

Front 8

Chemical name

Back 8

Chemical formula for a drug

Front 9

Contraindications

Back 9

Factors that prevent the use of a drug or treatment

Front 10

Controlled substances

Back 10

Drugs that produce tolerance and dependence and have potential for abuse or addiction

Front 11

Dependence

Back 11

Physiologic need for a drug due to prolonged use

Front 12

Dose

Back 12

Amount of drug administered, usually measured in milligrams

Front 13

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Back 13

U.S. government agency having the legal responsibility for enforcing proper drug manufacture and clinical years

Front 14

Generic name

Back 14

Legal noncommercial name for a drug

Front 15

iatrogenic

Back 15

Condition caused by treatment given by physicians or medical personnel

Front 16

Idiosyncratic reaction

Back 16

Unexpected effect produced in a particularly sensitive patient but not seen in most people

Front 17

Inhalation

Back 17

Administration of drugs in gaseous or vapor form through the nose or mouth

Front 18

Medicinal chemistry

Back 18

Study of new drug synthesis; relationship between chemical structure and biological effects

Front 19

Molecular pharmacology

Back 19

Study of interaction of drugs and their largest molecules such as enzymes, or cell surface receptors

Front 20

Oral administration

Back 20

Drugs are given by mouth

Front 21

Parenteral administration

Back 21

Drugs are given by injection into the skin, muscles, or vein. Example: subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular, intravenous, intrathecal, and intracavitary injections

Front 22

Pharmacist

Back 22

Specialist in preparing and dispensing drugs

Front 23

Pharmacy

Back 23

Location for preparing and dispensing drugs; also the study of preparing and dispensing drugs

Front 24

Pharmacodynamics

Back 24

Study of drug effects within the body

Front 25

Pharmacokinetics

Back 25

Study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion over a period of time

Front 26

Pharmacologist

Back 26

Specialist in the study of the properties, uses, and side effects of drugs

Front 27

Pharmacology

Back 27

Study of the preparation, properties, uses, and side effects of drugs

Front 28

Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR)

Back 28

Reference book that list drug products

Front 29

Receptor

Back 29

Target substance with which a drug interacts with the body

Front 30

Rectal administration

Back 30

Drugs are inserted through the anus into the rectum

Front 31

Resistance

Back 31

Lack of beneficial response; seen when drugs are unable to control the disease process

Front 32

Response

Back 32

Desired and beneficial effect of a drug

Front 33

Schedule

Back 33

Exact timing and frequency of drug administration

Front 34

Side effect

Back 34

Adverse reaction, usually minor, that routinely results from the use of a drug

Front 35

Sublingual administration

Back 35

Drugs are given by placement under the tongue

Front 36

Synergism

Back 36

Combination of two drug causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug alone

Front 37

Syringe

Back 37

Instrument for introducing or withdrawing fluids from the body

Front 38

Tolerance

Back 38

Larger and larger doses must be given to achieve the desired effect. The patient becomes resistant to the action of a drug as treatment progresses

Front 39

Topical application

Back 39

Drugs are applied locally on the skin or mucous membranes of the body; ointments, creams, and lotions are applied topically

Front 40

Toxicity

Back 40

Harmful effects of a drug

Front 41

Toxicology

Back 41

Study of harmful chemicals and their effects on the body

Front 42

United States Pharmacopoeia (USP)

Back 42

Authoritative of list of drugs, formulas, and preparations that set a standard for drug manufacturing and dispensing

Front 43

Vitamin

Back 43

Substance found in foods and essential in small quantities for growth and good health

Front 44

ACE inhibitor

Back 44

Lowers blood pressure. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II ( a powerful vasoconstrictor)

Front 45

amphetamine

Back 45

Central nervous system stimulant

Front 46

Analgesic

Back 46

Relieves pain

Front 47

Androgen

Back 47

Male hormone

Front 48

Anesthetic

Back 48

Reduces or eliminates; sensation general and local

Front 49

Angiotensin II receptor blocker

Back 49

Lowers blood pressure by preventing angiotensin from acting on receptors in blood vessels

Front 50

Antacid

Back 50

Neutralizes acid in the stomach

Front 51

antiandrogen

Back 51

Slows the uptake of androgens or interferes with their effect on tissues

Front 52

Antiarrhythmic

Back 52

Treat abnormal heart rhythms

Front 53

Antibiotic

Back 53

Chemical substance, produced by a plant or micro organism, that has the ability to inhibit or destroyed foreign organisms in the body

Front 54

Anticoagulant

Back 54

Prevents blood clotting

Front 55

Anticonvulsant

Back 55

Prevents convulsions (abnormal brain activity)

Front 56

Antidepressant

Back 56

Relieves symptoms of depression

Front 57

Antidiabetic

Back 57

Drug given to prevent or treat diabetes mellitus

Front 58

Antidiarrheal

Back 58

Prevents diarrhea

Front 59

Antiemetic

Back 59

Prevents nausea and vomiting

Front 60

Antihistamine

Back 60

Blocks the action of histamine and helps prevent symptoms of allergy

Front 61

antinauseant

Back 61

Relieve nausea and vomiting; antiemetic

Front 62

Antiplatelet

Back 62

Reduces the tendency of platelets to stick together and form a clot

Front 63

antiulcer

Back 63

Inhibits the secretion of acid by cells lining the stomach

Front 64

Antiviral

Back 64

Acts against viruses such as herpesviruses and HIV

Front 65

aromatase inhibitor

Back 65

Reduces estrogen in the blood by blocking the enzyme aromatase

Front 66

Bactericidal

Back 66

Kills bacteria

Front 67

Beta-blocker

Back 67

Blocks the action of epinephrine at sites on receptors of heart muscle cells, the muscle lining of blood vessels, and bronchial tubes; antiarrhythmic, antianginal, and antihypertensive

Front 68

Bisphosphonate

Back 68

Prevents bone loss in osteoporosis

Front 69

Caffeine

Back 69

Central nervous system stimulant (found in coffee and tea)

Front 70

Calcium channel blocker

Back 70

Blocks the entrance of calcium into heart muscle and muscle lining of blood vessels; used as an antirrhythmic, antianginal, and antihypertensive; also called calcium antagonist

Front 71

Cardiac glycoside

Back 71

Increases the force of contraction of the heart

Front 72

Cardiovascular drug

Back 72

Acts on the heart and blood vessels. This category of drugs includes ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, cholesterol-lowering drugs or statins, and diuretics

Front 73

Cathartic

Back 73

Relieves constipation

Front 74

Cholesterol-lowering drug

Back 74

Lowers cholesterol by preventing its production by the liver; statin

Front 75

Cholesterol-binding drug

Back 75

Binds to dietary cholesterol and prevents its uptake from the gastrointestinal tract

Front 76

Diuretic

Back 76

Increases the production of urine and thus reduces the volume of fluid in the body; antihypertensives

Front 77

Emetic

Back 77

Promotes vomiting

Front 78

Endocrine drug

Back 78

A hormone or hormone-like drug. Examples are androgens, estrogens, progestins, SERMs, thyroid hormones, and glucocorticoids

Front 79

Estrogen

Back 79

Female hormone that promote development of secondary sex characteristics and supports reproductive tissue

Front 80

Gastrointestinal drug

Back 80

Relieves symptoms of diseases in the gastrointestinal tract. Examples are antacids, antiulcer drugs, antidiarrheal drugs, cathartics, laxatives, purgative, and antinauseants.

Front 81

Glucocorticoid

Back 81

Hormone from the adrenal cortex that raises blood sugar and reduces inflammation

Front 82

Hypnotic

Back 82

Produces sleep or a trance-like state

Front 83

Laxative

Back 83

weak cathartic

Front 84

Narcotic

Back 84

Habit-forming drug that relieves pain by producing stupor or insensibility; morphine and opium are examples

Front 85

Progestin

Back 85

Female hormone that stimulates the uterine lining during pregnancy and is also used in treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding and for hormone replacement therapy

Front 86

Purgative

Back 86

Relieves constipation; strong cathartic

Front 87

Respiratory drugs

Back 87

Treat asthma? emphysema, and infections of the respiratory system. Bronchodilators are examples

Front 88

Stimulant

Back 88

Excites and promotes activity. Caffeine and amphetamines are examples

Front 89

Thyroid hormone

Back 89

Stimulates cellular metabolism

Front 90

Tranquilizer

Back 90

Controls anxiety and severe disturbances of behavior