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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Many formal complaints lodged against dental personnel are due to what
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Miscommunication rather than lack of clinical skills
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What are some fundamental skill for a clinician (3)
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Listening to a patient's concerns and problems
Explaining treatments and procedures effectively Guiding patients to institute better health habits |
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Effective client communication involves skills in what three areas
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Interviewing
Teaching Guidance |
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What is the Interviewing method
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a dynamic process designed to obtain needed information from the client with appropriate questioning
The interviewing must obtain trust from the client and get them to talk freely |
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What is the teaching method
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The teacher provides information and monitors learning by obtaining constant feedback from the learner
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What is the guidance method
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involves both interviewing and teaching with one important distinction there is always an issue or problem to be resolved
Involves identifying patient concerns and goals, problem solving, and helping implement change |
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What are the most common approaches to communication
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Directiveness
Nondirectiveness |
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What is the directivenss communication
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clinician centered
Usually ineffective |
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What is an example of directiveness
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Counselor: Now, I want you to floss everyday for at least 5 minutes to reduce that gum inflammation
Client; Whatever you say doctor |
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What is the reason that directiveness is often ineffective (4)
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It does not respect the client's values and importance of making his or her own decisions
Directions are coming from somone who knows little about the situation It may result in suggestions that are inappropriate People people told what to do might find reasons not to |
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What is a Non-directiveness approach
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patient centered
Client makes their own decisions More likely to remain committed to changes |
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What is an example of non-directiveness
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Counselor: Given what you know about the probable causes of your new dental caries, is there anything you can do about the problem
Client: Now I see I haven't been brushing as well as I should be, I am going to spend more time brushing in the evening |
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What should the clinician understand about their patient
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Food Habits
Attitudes and Values Motivation and readiness to change |
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Why does a clinician need to know those things about their patient
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to help facilitate change
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What factors influence food habits (8)
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Cultural
Educational Economic Psychological Physiological Emotional Social Environmental |
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What is a major barrier to effective dietary guidance
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Failing to understand the reasons behind eating habits
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TRUE OR FALSE
Eating habits are very personal and often difficult to change |
TRUE
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What is the definition of values:
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Closely held personal feelings and attitudes
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What will affect how successful the change is with values and attitudes
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the compatibility of the change and a patient's values
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What should a clinician do for values and attitudes
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Determine patient values and help pursue an approach that is consistent with those values
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What is internal motivation
What is external motivation |
Internal: self- generated and usually produces long-lasting learning or action
External: outside the individual (short lived) such as persuasion, reinforcement, rewards, approval, encouragment, punishment, fear, and threats |
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What is a basic principle of behavioral change
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People will change only if they are ready and willing
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What are three models used for clinicians to assess client readiness
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Maslows's hierarchy needs
Health belief model Stages of change model |
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What are the steps of on the maslows hierachy of needs pyramid
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Physiological
Safety Love and belonging Esteem and recognition Self- Actualization |
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Health Belief model states that
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A person's beliefs about health determines their readiness to take action
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To be ready to change, the patient must believe what? (3)
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That he is susceptibe to developing the condition
That the condition is potentially serious That preventative strategies are practical and the benefits outweigh the risk of inaction |
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The counselor must obtain client information that answers what two questions
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is the client willing
is the client able |
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What are the stages of change model (6)
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Precontemplation
Contemplation Readiness Action Maintenance Relapse |
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What is the stage of precontemplation
What is the implication for this stage |
No thought or intention to change
Provide balanced meaningful information about issues and leave alone for now |
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What is the stage of contemplation
What is the implications for this stage |
Plans to change in near future, but may be ambivalent Help reinforce pros over cons |
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What is the stage for readiness
What is the implication for this stage |
Sincere desire to change
Provide specific information and guidance (non directive counseling) |
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What is the action stage
What is the implications for this stage |
Has started to change
Reinforce new habits, help intervene in problem area |
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What is the maintenance stage
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Has put change in place Positive reinforcement, give self-monitoring strategies |
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What is the stage of relapse
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Has neglected change
Provide relapse prevention strategies before relapse occur indicate that these are normal |
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The patients ability to change is based on 4 factors what are they
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Patients self-care orientaiton
Internal external locus control Social support system Absence of stress, anxiety, and chaos |
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Whether a patient is ready to change or not it is still our professional responsibility to (5)
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Alert the patient to oral signs of poor eating habits
Educate them on the factors contributing to their oral condition Help determine barriers to improvement and help the patien overcome them Use MI and guidance to help them take responsibility for their own health Document improvements and barriers to improvements in the record |
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Good communication takes place where
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in a non-threatening location with few distractions
In the operatory, sit the patient upright Threatening equipment should not be visible learning takes place during moderate anxiety |
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The attitude of the clinician can have a major impact on the success or failure of communications also; how should clinician act
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Have genuine interest in the patient
Avoid judgement, disapproval, body language that may undermine rapport |
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Conducting the session
What are the 6 steps to success |
Set the stage and put the patient at ease
Determine the reason behind the diet with MI Facilitate the learning process Assess and diagnosis the problem Help the patient make a change Maintain a positive change in behavior |
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In the Johari Window what is quadrant 1
What is quadrant 2 What is quadrant 3 What is quadrant 4 |
Arena of free activity ( Both parties know)
(Facade) Blind Area ( The client knows something the clinician doesn't) Avoided or hidden area (Blind Spot) ( The clinician knows somthing the client does not) Area of unknown activity ( Unknown by either party) |
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Why should a clinician ask a client to describe a typical day (2)
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Puts information in context
Provides insight into the patients lifestyle and values |
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How should the interview be done (5)
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Ask questions appropriately
Be an active listener, reflective listener Don't cut off the client Maintain eye contact Avoid passing judgement |
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Learning occurs best when
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More senses are involved
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Communicate on the patient's level by (4)
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Determine what the patient knows before providing info
Ask in a non-threatening manner Avoid using techniqual jargon Periodically ask open-ended questions to monitor patient understanding |
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People remember best by
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what they say and do 90%
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People remember
what they read What they hear What they see What they see and hear What they say |
10%
20% 30% 50% 70% |
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How can a person help maintain change (3)
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Change occurs slowly over time
Must be reassessed periodically and reinforced If one approach isn't working, try another strategy |
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What are the factors in effective communication (4)
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Empathy: Understanding from another point of view
Warmth: Eye contact, facial expressions, open body posture, nonjudgemental , Positive environment Respect/Trust: Openness, Active listener: Reflecting back client's feelins |
