Chapter 20 Notes

Front 1

In 1871 was sent to Texas to investigate the complaints about Indian attacks; he doubted it was a serious threat

Back 1

General William Tecumseh Sherman

Front 2

Leaders of Salt Creek Raid

Back 2

Satank, Satanta, Big Tree

Front 3

Satank, Satanta, Big Tree defended the raid saying ?

Back 3

the government had NOT treated the Indians fairly

Front 4

? had the leaders of Salt Creek Raid arrested and sentenced to hang but ? changed it to life in prison

Back 4

General Sherman; , Governor Davis

Front 5

In response to ? a series of attacks were planned against the Plains Indians that were NOT on reservations.

Back 5

Salt Creek Raid

Front 6

a 4th Cavalry regiment which achieved great fame fighting on the Texas frontier; started fighting in the fall of 1871

Back 6

Colonel Ranald Mackenzie led Mackenzie’s Raiders

Front 7

against Quanah Parker son of Cynthia Ann Parker (abducted as a child) and Peta Nocona (a Comanche war chief); the Indians escaped in a snowstorm

Back 7

Blanco Canyon:

Front 8

MacKenzie’s Raiders killed many Comanche, destroyed the village and took 120 women and children prisoner; the next night Quanah attacked back but could not free the prisoners. This forced the Comanche onto the reservation.

Back 8

September 29, 1872 McClellan Creek:

Front 9

Started when the Railroad companies built tracks across the Plains and killed buffalo to feed the rail crews

Back 9

Slaughter of the Buffalo by Buffalo Hunters

Front 10

The buffalo hide industry started in what year?

Back 10

1871

Front 11

Buffalo industry details

Back 11

New tanning method turned hides into high quality leather, $3 a hide was paid in the East
Still hunting: went down wind of the herd and set up the buffalo gun (had a telescope) – could kill 75-100 buffalo per day; only took the hides

Front 12

Control of the buffalo meant control of ??

Back 12

the Indians

Front 13

U.S. government encouraged the extermination of the buffalo and between 1872 to 1874 hunters killed an estimated ???

Back 13

4.3 million buffalo

Front 14

In 1874 the Indians were starving on the reservations and the buffalo was being slaughtered.

Back 14

Red River War

Front 15

June 1874; Plains Indians leaders meet to discuss call for war against the buffalo hunters – decide the target will be a trading post at

Back 15

Adobe Walls

Front 16

June 27, 1874

Back 16

Quanah Parker and Lone Wolf (Kiowa) led 700 Indians to attack trading post which had 28 men and 1 women; the attack FAILED because of the buffalo gun and led to widespread Indian attacks in Colorado, Kansas, Texas and Indian Territory

Front 17

General Sherman orders all raiding Indians be attacked, even if ??

Back 17

they are on the reservation

Front 18

August 1874 Comanche, Mackenzie strikes the FINAL blow to the Plains Indians Kiowa and Cheyenne are in ?? for safety

Back 18

Palo Duro Canyon

Front 19

? led his Indians to Mexico; he led raids across the Rio Grande into Texas; the army chased him for 2 years

Back 19

Victorio (Apache)

Front 20

Victorio (Apache) was killed when ? by who?

Back 20

1880, by the Mexican Army

Front 21

2500 African American troops in the 9th and 10th Cavalries and the 24th and 25th Infantry regiments

Back 21

Buffalo soldiers

Front 22

why were they called buffalo soldiers?

Back 22

Name was term of RESPECT by the Indians because the soldiers hair looked like buffalo fur

Front 23

was the 1st black graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point.

Back 23

Henry O Flipper

Front 24

This divided up reservation land and promised the Indians U.S. citizenship

Back 24

The Dawes General Allotment Act

Front 25

Why did The Dawes General Allotment Act not work in favor for the Indians?

Back 25

some did NOT get enough land to survive on.

Front 26

What happened in 1924?

Back 26

Native Americans (Indians) are given U.S. citizenship

Front 27

Early Cattle Ranching

Back 27

Spanish Influence
Early ranching developed around the Spanish missions.
Eventually, ranches became privatized and Spaniards (then Mexicans, then Texans) owned private ranches.
Disputes arose over who owned what cattle so the solution was to BRAND that cattle, usually with the initials of the owner

Front 28

what is branding cattle?

Back 28

Metal brand placed into fire, heated until red hot, then placed on the cattle’s haunches.

Front 29

~

Back 29

It’s the brand for the King Ranch
it’s called the “Running W”

Front 30

What are Texas Longhorns?

Back 30

Cross between Spanish and English cattle. Lean, strong animals that can survive in extreme temperatures and require little water. Resistant to diseases like Texas fever. Horns used as protection from predators. Today, the Longhorn is a symbol of Texas the is recognized all over the world.

Front 31

were first staged by Tejanoswho would herd cattle from their ranches to Spanish military outposts to supply beef to the troops.

Back 31

Cattle Drives

Front 32

In the 1860s, Texas ranchers adopted to use of the cattle drive only this time they herded cattle to open ranges (unfenced land) and on to railroad cars that would then ?

Back 32

ship cattle all over the United States.

Front 33

260,000 cattle herded from South Texas through Missouri and eastern Kansas to Sedalia Missouri. Problems: cattle trampled crops, carried Texas Fever ticks. Laws passed to stop the Texas Cattle Drives.

Back 33

Sedalia (Shawnee) Trail

Front 34

Solution to problems with Sedalia (Shawnee) Trail?

Back 34

Joseph McCoy built a cattle market in Abilene, Kansas, away from farms.
As settlements moved west, so did the drives and markets.

Front 35

Named for trailblazer Jesse Chisholm. Brownsville to Abilene, Kansas. Ideal trail because not near farms.

Back 35

Chisholm Trail

Front 36

From Kerrville to Dodge City, Kansas. By 1879, this was the main trail and was used until the closing of the open range.

Back 36

Western Trail

Front 37

this drive supplied Indian reservations and military outpost with cattle. Started by Charles Goodnight and Oliver Loving.

Back 37

Goodnight-Loving Trail

Front 38

What is a Dogie?

Back 38

is a motherless calf!

Front 39

Night Guards for the herds could not risk falling asleep, what did they sometimes do to stay awake?

Back 39

rubbed tobacco juice into their eyes to stay awake.

Front 40

Ranches that arose on the open range from Texas to Canada.

Back 40

Cattle Kingdom

Front 41

located in South Texas in Nueces County. At one point it was over 1 million acres in size. It is larger than the state of Rhode Island! The Kings donated money to churches, towns, and helped found Texas A&M—Kingsville.

Back 41

King Ranch

Front 42

Rancher that became an important leader in South Texas.

Back 42

Manuel Guerra

Front 43

is thought to be the only woman trail boss on a cattle drive.

Back 43

Margaret Borland

Front 44

founded by Charles Goodnight; one of first ranches in the Panhandle

Back 44

JA Ranch

Front 45

founded by investors from Chicago and Great Britain. In exchange for land these investors rebuilt the state capitol building the exists today

Back 45

XIT Ranch

Front 46

Ranch Facts

Back 46

Most ranches were located far from towns so ranchers had to rely on themselves and the ranch resources to make do.
Ranchmen needed to be butchers, bakers, carpenters, blacksmiths, cooks, etc.

Front 47

invented by Joseph Glidden in 1873. Medal wire with “barbs” keeps cattle off fence but does not hurt them.

Back 47

barbed wire