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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Selective Toxicity |
Selectively find and destroy pathogens without doing damage to the host. Is the idea for modern day chemotherapy. |
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Chemotherapy |
The use of chemicals to treat disease |
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Antibiotic |
A substance produced by a microbe that, in small amounts, inhibits another microbe. |
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Antimicrobial Drugs |
Synthetic substances that interfere with the growth of microbes. |
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History of Chemotherapy |
Started when Fleming discovered penicillin from Penicillium. Today antibiotic resistance renders many effective medicines useless. |
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Zone of inhibition |
Adding tabs of paper to a petri dish and looking for an area around the paper where the bacteria can no longer grow. |
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Gram-positive Rods Bacillus |
Bacitracin |
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Gram-positive Rods Paenibacillus |
Polymyxin |
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Actinomycetes Streptomyces |
Amphotericin B, Chloramphenicol, Chlortetracycline and Tetracycline, Neomycin, Streptomycin |
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Actinomycetes Saccharopolyspora |
Erythromycin |
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Actinomycetes Micromonospora |
Gentamicin |
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Fungi Cephallosporium |
Cephalothin |
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Fungi Penicillium |
Griseofulvin and Penicillin |
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Narrow Spectrum of Microbial activity |
Drugs that affect a small range of microbial types. Is more specific. |
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Broad-spectrum antibiotics |
Drugs that affect a broad range of gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria. It can also kill many normal microbiota. |
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Superinfection |
Overgrowth of normal microbiota that is resistant to antibiotics. |
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Mycobacteria |
Causes Tuberculosis Is affected by Isoniazid, streptomycin, and tetracycline. |
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Bactericidal V. Bacteriostatic |
Bactericidal- kills microbes Bacteriostatic-prevents microbes from growing |
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Inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis |
Penicillins- prevent synthesis of petidoglycan |
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Inhibit Protein Synthesis |
Target bacterial 70s ribosomes Chloramphenicol Erythromycin Streptomycin Tetracyclines |
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Injuring the Plasma Membrane |
Polypeotide antibiotics- change membrane permeability Antifungal Drugs- combine with membrane sterols |
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Inhibit Nucleic Acid Synthesis |
Interferes with DNA replication and transcription Rifampin and Cipro |
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Inhibit the Synthesis of Essential Metabolites |
Antimetabolites compete with normal substances for an enzyme Sulfanilamide- competes with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) |
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Inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis Natural Penicillins |
Penicillin G(inject) and penicillin V(oral) Contain beta-lactam ring Prevents the cross-linking of peptidoglycans Susceptible to penicillinases (beta-lactamases) produced by streptococcus. |
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Inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis Semisynthetic Penicillins |
Oxacillin, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin Added side chains that make them more resistant to penicillinases. |
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Inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis Cephalosporins |
Cephalothin Different beta-lactam rings so it is more resistant and is grouped by generation of development. |
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Inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis Polypeptide Antibiotics |
Bacitracin and Vancomycin |
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Inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis Antimycobacterial Antibiotics |
Isoniazid and Ethambutol Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis in mycobacteria and inhibits incorporation of mycolic acid into the cell wall. |
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Inhibit Protein Synthesis |
Chloramphenicol Inhibits peptide bond formation. Binds to 50s subunit and 70S ribosome. Synthesized chemically; broad spectrum Can suppress bone marrow and affect blood cell formation. |
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Inhibit Protein Synthesis Aminoglycosides |
Streptomycin, neomycin, gentamicin Broad spectrum antibiotics. Basic chemical structure. Changes the shape of ribosome parts. Cause auditory damage. |
