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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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pulmonary circuit
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blood to and from gas exchange surfaces of the lungs
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systemic circuit
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transports blood to and from rest of the body
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both circuits
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begin and end at heart
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blood to heart > ? > ? > ?
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pulmonary circuit
heart systemic circuit |
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efferent vessels
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arteries
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afferent vessels
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veins
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exchange vessels
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capillaries
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apex
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inferior pointed tip of the heart that lies leftbound
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mediastinum
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between two pleural cavities
contains: large arteries/veins to the heart thymus esophagus trachea |
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percardium locations
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heart
visceral pericardium pericardial cavity parietal pericardium |
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great vessels attach to which part of the heart
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base
(opposite of apex) |
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pericardial sac made up of?
function? |
collagen fiberss
stabilize position of heart and asso. vessel |
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pericardial cavity contains ? secreted by ?
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pericardial fluid
pericardial membranes |
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inflammation of pericardium?
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pericarditis
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auricle
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deflated atria
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coronary sulcus
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border between atria and ventricles
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anterior interventricular sulcus
& posterior interventricular sulcus |
boundary between right and left ventricles on both sides of <3
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sulci are covered by? and contain
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fat
arteries/veins to carry blood to and from cardiac muscle |
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3 layers of the heart wall
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1. epicardium (outer)
2. myocardium 3. endocardium (inner) |
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epicardium contains what 2 tissues?
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1.mesothelium
2. areolar tissue |
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what forms the atria and ventricles?
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myocardium, forming muscular walls of heart
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endocardium makes up what tissue?
attached to? |
simple squamous epithelium
the great vessels: areolar and endothelium |
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parietal pericardium made up of what tissues?
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1. dense fibrous layer
2. areolar tissue 3. Mesothelium |
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intercolated discs
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between and attach cardiac muscle cells
held together by gap junctions and desmosomes action potentials |
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cardiac muscles are different from skeletal cells
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1. small
2. mononucleated 3.branching 4. intercalated discs |
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interatrial septum
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separate atria
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interventricular septum
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separate ventricles
are thicker |
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AV (atrioventricular valves)
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fibrous tissue
between atria and ventricles blood flow into one direction |
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right atria recieves blood from
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SVC/IVC
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SVC's blood is from
IVC's blood is from |
head, neck, upper limbs, chest
trunk, viscera, lower limbs |
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coronary sinus
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blood from cardiac veins to here
located on posterior end of interarterial septum |
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foramen ovale
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connects two atria of fetal heart
closes at birth permanently becomes fossa ovalis, a small, shallow depression |
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pectinate muscles
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inner surface of auricle
prominent muscular ridges |
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cusps
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flaps
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chordae tendonae
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each cusp is attached here
originate at papillary muscle prevent backflow of blood |
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trabeculae carneae
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muscular ridges in ventricle
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moderator band
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muscular ridge in ventricle connecting IV septum and papillary muscle
contains conducting system > coordinate contraction of muscle cells |
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funtion of moderator band
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stimulus for contraction to papillary muscles to tense chordae tendonae before ventricle contracts.
prevent backflow of blood into atria. |
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conus arteriosus
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between RV and pulmonary semilunar valves (3)
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blood > pulmonary trunk > ? > ?
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L and R pulmonary arteries > lung
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valve on right? left?
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Tricuspid (R)
Bicuspid (L) aka mitral valve |
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LV and RV is similar except thicker and LV lacks
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moderator band
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blood leaves left ventricle and pass through
function? |
aortic semilunar valve
prevent backflow into LV |
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path through aorta:
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ascending aorta > aortic arch > decending aorta
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pulmonary trunk attached to aortic arch via
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ligamentum arteriosumpulmonary
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demands of R/L atria ? vs. Demands of R/L ventricle
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similar
different due to anatomical and functional differences |
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effects of ventricle contraction
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1. distance between base and apex decrease
2. diameter of ventricular chamber decreases ultimately: enough pressure is generated to open aortic valve > aorta |
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why do people with damages to RV still be able to survive?
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LV strongly contracts and bulge into RV, improving their contraction to push blood into pulmonary circuit
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ventricles relaxed. chordae tendonae and papillary muscles
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no resistance of blood flow from atria to ventricles
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ventricles contract, chordae tendonae and papillary muscles
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blood pressure of ventricles close valves
papillary muscles and chordae tendonae contract > stop cusps before they swing into atria |
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chordae tendonae and papillary muscles damaged
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regurgitation of blood to atria with every ventricle contraction
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pulmonary and aortic valves dont need muscular support b/c
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artery walls do not contract. cusps are stable
3 cusps support each other |
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aortic sinus
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at base of ascending aorta
prevent individual cusps from sticking to sides of aorta when valves open |
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VHD
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valvular heart disease
usually develops after carditis |
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carditis
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inflammation of <3
cause of disease: rheumatic fever, AI response to step |
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<3 connective tissue fibers
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1. collagen
2. elastic fibers |
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function of fibers
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fibers cross link
1. physical support 2. distribute forces of contraction 3. elasticity |
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cardiac skeleton
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4 dense bands of tough elastic tissue
stabilize position of heart valves electrically insulate ventricular and atrial cells |
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coronary circulation
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myocardium needs its own supply of blod
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left and right coronary artery located
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base of ascending aorta, @ aortic sinuses
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blood pressure at base of ascending aorta
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highest in systemic circuit
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combination of ? and ? ensure continuous flow of blood to meed demands of cardiac tissue.
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elevated blood pressure
elastic rebound of aorta |
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function of Right Coronary Artery
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supplies blood to
1. RA 2. both ventricles 3. conducting system of <3: SA/AV Nodes to ESTABLISH NORMAL HEART RATE |
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right coronary arteries becomes ? located ?
that becomes ? and goes where? |
marginal arterier on posterior surface of heart > posterior interventricular artery to apex
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posterior interventricular artery supplies blood to
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1. IVS
2. ventricles |
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function of Left Coronary Artery
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blood to:
1. LV 2. LA 3. IVS |
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Left coronary artery divides into 2:
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1. circumflex branch
2. anterior interventricular branch |
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circumflex artery curve around coronary sulcus, meets and fuses with?
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right coronary artery
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anterior interventricular artery
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large
runs along IVS |
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arterial anastomoses
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anterior and posterior arteries are continuous
blood supply is constant despite pressure fluctuations |
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great cardiac vein
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draws blood from the region supplied by the anterior interventricular artery
curves around the left side of the heart within the coronary sulcus > coronary sinus opens into the right atrium near the base of the inferior vena cava. |
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cardiac veins that dump blood into coronary sulcus is:
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posterior cardiac vein
middle cardiac vein small cardiac vein great cardiac vein NOT ANTERIOR: IT DUMPS DIRECTLY INTO RA |
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two types of cells involved in normal heartbeat:
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1. specialized cells of conducting system, control and coordinate heartbeat
2. contractile cells : produce powerful contractions to propel blood |
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each heartbeat begins with an action potential generated at
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SA node
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SA node is part of ? system
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conducting
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monitor events in conducting system via
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ECG or EKG
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