Chapter 20, 4,19,24

Front 1

karotype

Back 1

visual display of chromosomes arranged by size, shape and banding, the last pair 23 tells what sex

Front 2

down syndrome

Back 2

trisomy 21, extra 21st

Front 3

poly-x

Back 3

female with more than 2 x's. tall and thin and with delayed speech

Front 4

klinefelter syndrome

Back 4

male was 2+ x's. female characteristics

Front 5

jacob syndrome

Back 5

extra y, tall, acne, speech and reading problems

Front 6

turner syndrome

Back 6

individual has only an x-no pubery or menstration

Front 7

nondisjunction during meiosis 1

Back 7

both members of a homologous pair go to the same daugher cell

Front 8

nondisjunction during meiosis 2

Back 8

sister chromosomes fail to separate and both daughter chromosomes go to the same gamete

Front 9

williams syndrome

Back 9

deletion of portion of 7- pixie

Front 10

cri du chat syndrome

Back 10

deletion of portion 5- malformed larynx

Front 11

inv dup 15 syndrome

Back 11

portion of 15 duplicated, autism, curved spine...

Front 12

translocations

Back 12

exchange of chromosomal segments b/t 2 different chromosomes, usually no symptoms or abnormalities

Front 13

alagille syndrome

Back 13

portion of 2 and 20 are translocated, distinctive facial appearance

Front 14

inversion

Back 14

segment of chromosome is rotated 180 so the alleles are in the opposite order

Front 15

autosomal recessive

Back 15

can have unaffected parents, must get allele from both parents in order to have it

Front 16

autosomal dominant

Back 16

at least one parent is affected, child can be unaffected

Front 17

autosomal recessive disorders

Back 17

tay sachs, cystic fibrosis, phenlketonuria, sickle-cell

Front 18

autosomal dominant disorder

Back 18

marfan, neurofibromatosis, huntington disease

Front 19

connective tissue

Back 19

binds organs, provides support and protection, produces red blood cells

Front 20

loose fibrous connective tissue

Back 20

supports epithelium and many internal organs, allows lungs, arteries and bladder to expand

Front 21

dense fibrous connective tissue

Back 21

tightly packed collagen fibers, found in tendons and ligaments

Front 22

adipose tissue

Back 22

fat storage and insulation

Front 23

reticular connective tissue

Back 23

supports meshwork of lymphatic system...nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow

Front 24

matrix of blood

Back 24

plasma

Front 25

blood transports...

Back 25

nutrients, oxygen and wastes

Front 26

epithelial tissue

Back 26

tightly packed cells forming a continuous layer that protect, secrete, absorbe, filter and excrete

Front 27

simple squamous epithelial

Back 27

lines blood vessels and air sacs of lungs,
protects, filters and diffuses

Front 28

simple cubodial epithelium

Back 28

lines kidney tubules and surface of ovaries
protects, secretes, absorbs

Front 29

simple columnar epithelium

Back 29

lining of hte intestine and uterus
protects, secretes, absorbs

Front 30

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Back 30

lining of respiratory tract, protects, secretes, moves mucous

Front 31

epidermis

Back 31

stratified squamous epithelium

Front 32

dermis

Back 32

collagena dn elastic fibers, beneath epidermis

Front 33

subcuteaneous lyaer

Back 33

loose connective tissue and adipose tissue

Front 34

each nucleotide contains...

Back 34

a nitrogen-containing base

Front 35

RNA

Back 35

single stranded, uracil instead of thymine

Front 36

messenger, mRNA

Back 36

carries genetic info from DNA to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Front 37

tRNA

Back 37

transfers amino acids to the ribosomes where amino acids are joined, one type of tRNA for each type of amino acid

Front 38

PCR

Back 38

polymerase chain reaction-can create millions of copies of DNA segment very quickly, can be used for fingerprinting

Front 39

malignancy

Back 39

when metastasis establishes new tumors distant fromt eh primary tumor

Front 40

saliva

Back 40

contains bicarbonate and salivary amylase that begin digestion of startch

Front 41

phraynx

Back 41

back of the mouth and nose where both food and air cna pass

Front 42

peristalsis

Back 42

rhythmic contractions used to conduct bolus

Front 43

gastric juice contains:

Back 43

pepsin (digest protein), hydrochloric acid, and mucus

Front 44

pyloric sphincter

Back 44

seperates the stomach and small intestine

Front 45

small intestine

Back 45

absorbs nutrients for cardiovascular and lymphatic system. bile from live/gallbladder and pancreatic juice dissolve fat and balance out the acidity of chyme

Front 46

function of large intestine

Back 46

absorbs water, salts and some vitamins, bacteria here help to break down indigestible material

Front 47

peritonitis

Back 47

if appendix rupturesor the large intestine has a hole in it

Front 48

function of pancreas

Back 48

digests carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

Front 49

islets of langerhans

Back 49

in pancreas, cell clusters that produce hormones (insulin and glucagon)

Front 50

liver

Back 50

makes bile, cleans blood

Front 51

cirrhosis

Back 51

liver damage

Front 52

ascites

Back 52

fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Front 53

gallbladder

Back 53

stores bile, helps w/ digestion of fat

Front 54

gout

Back 54

too many urea crystals in the blood

Front 55

function of kidneys

Back 55

excrete metabolic waste, maintain salt/water balance of blood, maintain acid-base balance of the blood, hormonal function

Front 56

three regions of hte kidneys

Back 56

renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pelvis

Front 57

nephrons

Back 57

make of glomerulus (in Bowman's capsule) and renal tubule

Front 58

symptoms of kidney disease

Back 58

changes in urination, edema, fatigue, itchy, metallic tast, nausea and vomiting, shortness of breath, feelin cold/or dizzy/can't concentrate, leg/flank pain

Front 59

kidney stones

Back 59

often made up calcium