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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is environment?
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total of all elements that surround us & influence our development
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What environmental factors did Florence Nightingale feel needed to be controlled?
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-Temperature
-ventilation & humidity -lighting -odor -noise -neatness -privacy |
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What room temperature do infants & older patients require?
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warmer rooms between 68 & 74 degrees
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What is ventilation?
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supplying a room with fresh air continually
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What is humidity?
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amount of moisture in the air
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Whats a comfortable humidity level for patient's rooms?
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30%-50%
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What will too little humidity do to a patient?
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dry out their respiratory passages
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How should lighting be in a patient's room?
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-adequate to perform tasks & prevent accidents & injury
-bright enough to see -soft enough to prevent sharp shadows |
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How can you control odor in patient's rooms?
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-empty & rinse bedpans, bedside commodes, & urinals frequently
-dispose of dressings & used equipment -place nothing odorous in their trash -avoid the sources of odor -remove old flowers & stagnant water -not wearing perfume, scented lotions, etc. |
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What is the main source of noise in a hospital?
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people
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What can a patient experience from too much noise?
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sensory overload
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What can be used to mask outside noises & relax the patient?
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soft background music
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How can you reduce noise for your patient?
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-avoid long conversations in the hallway
-encourage staff to speak in low voices -avoid jokes & laughter at the nurses station -answer alarms on IV pumps & equipment promptly |
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How can you keep a patients room neat & tidy?
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-straighten the patient's unit after making the bed & whenever appropriate
-remove trays & dishes promptly after meals -keep the over-the-bed table clear of unnecessary clutter/equipment |
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What is essential for a patient's well-being?
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privacy
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How can you maintain your patient's privacy?
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-always knock gently & identify yourself before entering the room
-closing the curtain around the patient for personal tasks such as using a bed pan & bathing, in multi-patient rooms -post a sign on the door informing others of such tasks to discourage them from entering the room |
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What can you use in a patient's bed to prevent pressure ulcer formation?
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an overlay
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What should you always do to a bed that is not moving?
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lock the wheels
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How should you leave the patient's bed when you're not performing any procedures?
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in a low position
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When is an unoccupied bed made?
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when the patient is out of bed in a chair or out of the room for a diagnostic procedure/therapy
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When is an occupied bed made?
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when a patient cannot get out of bed
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How should bed linens look?
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neat, orderly, & free from wrinkles
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What is needed to prevent accidents & possible injury to patients, visitors, & health care personnel?
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safety
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What are the most common patient accidents/incidents?
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-falls
-burns -cuts & bruises -fights with others -loss of possessions -choking -electrical shock |
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What are the three common factors for falls?
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-impaired physical mobility
-altered mental status -sensory &/or motor deficits |
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What do patients at risk for falls need?
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a leg/bed alarm
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How can you prevent your patient from being burned?
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-check temperature of liquids before giving it to them
-caution the patient about sleeping on a heating pad/cold pack -inspect electrical chords for frayed or broken areas that may cause sparks/fires |
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What can cause your patient to be burned?
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hot/cold materials
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What types of patients are more at risk for being burned than others?
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Diabetics, paralyzed, & those with altered mental awareness
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What patients should you supervise while they smoke?
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sedated, confused, or irrational patients
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When is smoking NEVER aloud?
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when oxygen is in use
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What are some nursing actions to promote patient safety in the hospital?
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-orient the patient to the unit on admission
-assess patient's gait & risk for falling on admission -evaluate patient's drug regimen for side effects that increase the risk for falling -keep bed in low position when not giving direct care -toilet the patient on a regular schedule -lock the wheels on the bed -provide a night-light for going to the bathroom -encourage a use of nonskid slippers -answer call lights promptly -tell the patient when you will next check in -encourage the use of grab bars -place high-risk patients in a room close to the nurses' station -be sure the patient's call bell is within reach -stay with confused/unsteady patients when they are up -provide diversionary activities for confused patients -make sure wheelchair brakes are locked |
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What are some nursing actions to promote patient safety in the home?
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-place a nonskid bath mat in the tub/shower
-use night-lights to help patient find the bathroom -suggest installation of grab bars -install door buzzers or bed alarms -maintain the same furniture arrangement -encourage removal of extension chords -caution the patient about toys & animals -provide appropriate community resources |
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What should you know in case of a fire?
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-the location of fire extinguishers, fire alarms, & escape routes
-how to notify the telephone operator about a fire in your area |
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What does R.A.C.E. stand for?
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-R rescue any patients in immediate danger by removing them from the area
-A activate the fire alarm system -C contain the fire by closing doors & windows -E extinguish flames with an appropriate extinguisher |
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What does P.A.S.S. stand for?
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-P pull pin
-A aim -S squeeze -S sweep |
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What is a bio-hazard?
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a biological agent, chemical, or condition that can be harmful to a person's health
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What does OSHA publish for dealing with bio-hazards?
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specific guidelines for labeling, handling, cleaning spills, & disposing of these materials
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What does MSDS stand for?
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material safety data sheet
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What is the MSDS used for?
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-recommended methods of storage
-labeling -handling spills -disposal |
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What is bio-terrorism?
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the release of pathogenic microorganisms into a community to achieve political &/or military goals
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What is chemical-terrorism?
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the use of certain compounds to cause destruction to achieve political &/or military goals
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What are some examples of compounds used for chemical warfare?
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-pulmonary agents
-cyanide agents -nerve agents -vesicants -incapacitating agents |
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What are some common diseases that are spread though bio-terrorism?
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-anthrax
-botulism -ebola virus -lassa fever -plague -smallpox -tularemia |
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What must you be familiar with in the event of a terrorist attack?
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your institution's policies for decontamination, treatment, & triage
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What must staff wear during decontamination?
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masks & protective clothing that are impervious to chemicals & cover all skin surfaces; or MOPP's
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What does MOPP stand for?
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military mission-oriented protective posture suits
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What must be worn with MOPP's?
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a chemical mask with a filtered respirator
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What is triage?
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assessed & labeled according to the priority of care as "immediate", "delayed", or "expectant"
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What is treatment based on in triage?
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the type of agent to which the patient was exposed & degree of exposure
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What are antibiotics used for during triage treatment?
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some biological agents
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What are antidotes used for during triage treatment?
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some of the chemicals & poisonous gasses
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How is treatment directed during triage when you're not using antibiotics/antidotes?
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towards supporting organ function while the body tries to recover
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What is a poison?
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a substance that when ingested inhaled, absorbed, applied, injected, or developed within the body, may cause functional/structural disturbances
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Where are treatments & antidotes obtained?
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from poison control center/listed on some containers
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What should you do in the event of a suspected poisoning?
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contact the poison control center
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What should you be ready to report when contacting poison control in the event of a suspected poisoning?
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-name of the product
-patient's age -amount you believe is involved -any symptoms involved |
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What are some behavioral indications that protective devices are needed?
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-psychiatric setting
-sudden change in mental status/behavior |
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What do federal & local laws mandate about protective devices?
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the patient should be protected from physical & mental abuse & from physical & chemical restraints except when authorized by a physician, in writing, for a limited period of time/in an emergency situation
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What is an alternative to using protective devices?
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encouraging family & friends of a patient who is confused to sit with them
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What are some principles to follow during the use of protective devices?
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-must help the patient or be needed to continue medical therapy
-use the least amount of immobilization needed -must have a written order for the use of any device -must notify the physician once the device is no longer needed -apply it snugly, but not so tightly that it interferes with blood circulation/nerve function -must be removed & patient's position must be changed every 2 hours -use active or passive exercises for immobilized joints |
