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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Macrotraumatic Injuries
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(acute) fractures, disclocations, sprains, strains
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Microtraumatic Injuries
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(chronic) overuse injuries; tendonitis, tenosynovitis, bursitis
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Secondary Injury
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inflammatory or hypoxia response
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3 Phases of Healing
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Inflammatory response phase, Fibroblastic Repair Phase, Maturation phase
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signs of the inflammatory phase
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heat, redness, swelling, pain, loss of function
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(2-4 days) Inflammatory Response Phase
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Leukocytes and other phagocytic sells delivered to injury
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Vascular Response
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vasoconstriction lasts 5-10 mins; formation of platelet plug; blood coagulation and growth of tissue; initial response lasts 24-36 hours.
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Chemical Mediators
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Histamine, Leucotrienes, Cytokines
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Histamines
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vasodilation and increase permeability
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leucotrienes
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margination, increase permeability, diapedisis
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cytokines
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phagocytic activity
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When does Chronic Inflammation occur?
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when acute inflammation does not eliminate injuring agents and restore normal physiological state.
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Fibroblastic Repair Phase
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scar formation occurs, signs and symptoms decrease, capillary buds develop, tensile strength increases, begins within first 2 hours and may last 4-6 weeks
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Granulation tissue
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delicate connective tissue that forms at 6 or 7 days
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Maturation Remodeling Phase
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realignment and remodeling of collagen (Wolfes Law); firm strong non vascular scar exists
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Controlled mobilization enhances (4 things)
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scar formation, revascularization, muscle regeneration and fiber reorientation, tensile properties.
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Grades of Muscle strains and ligamentous injuries(3)
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I-minor swelling
II-partial tear III- complete rupture |
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DOMS
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delayed onset muscle soreness
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Nerve Regeneration (CNS and peripheral
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CNS- no regeneration
Peripheral- regeneration |
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fracture healing stages(5)
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hematoma formation, cellular proliferation, callus formation, ossification, remodeling
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Bone: Hematoma formation
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2-4 days, inflammation bc of damage to periosteum
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Bone: Cellular Proliferation
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a fibrous junction is built at the fracture area by granulation tissue
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Bone: Callus formation
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-soft callus(inorganized matrix of woven osteoblasts)
-Hard callus(connects woven bone to fracture ends) |
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Bone: Ossification
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Fracture is completely bridged by new bone formation, Haversian system is in place for maintenance
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Bone: Remodeling
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Callus is resorbed and bone is laid down along the lines of stress
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