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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Matter
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Anything that has mass and occupies space
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What 4 elements make up 96% of the body?
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Carbon
Oxygen Hydrogen Nitrogen |
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How many major elements are there?
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11
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How many trace elements are there?
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15
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How many elements are in the human body?
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26
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The concept of an atom was proposed by who?
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John Dalton
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Name the three subatomic paticles
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Protons
Neutrons Electrons |
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What makes up the Atomic Number?
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Number of Protons
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What makes up the atomic weight of an atom?
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Protons plus the Neutrons
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A model resembling planets revolving around the sun, useful in visualizing the structure of atoms
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Bohr model
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Describe the Oclet rule
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Atoms with fewer or more than eight electrons in the outer energy level will attempt to lose gain, or share electrons with other atoms
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Whats an element containing the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons?`
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Isotopes
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what is an unstable isotope that undergoes nuclear breakdown and emits nuclear particles and radiation?
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Radioactive isotopes
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Interaction between two or more atoms that occurs as a result of activity between electrons in their outermost energy level
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Chemical reaction
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Two or more atoms joined together
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Molecule
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Formed by transfer of electrons; strong electrostatic force that binds positively and negatively charged ions together
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Ionic bond
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Formed by sharing of electrons
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Covalent bond
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What are the three basic types of chemical reactions involved in physiology?
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sythesis reaction
decomposition reaction exchange reactoin |
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Define a sythesis reaction
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Combining of two or more substances to form a more complex stucture; formation of new chemical bonds. A+B = AB
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What kind of reaction breaks down a substance into two or more simpler substances?
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Decomposition reaction
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AB + CD = AD + CB:
is an example of what kind of chemical reaction? |
Exchange reaction
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_____ is all the chemical reactions that occur in body cells
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metabolism
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What are the end products of Catabolism?
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CO2
water and other waste products |
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_____ is the chemical reaction that breaks down complex compounds into simpler ones and realses energy.
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Catabolism
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What molecule is considered "energy currency"
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ATP
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What metabolic reaction produces ATP?
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Catabolism
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What metabolic reaction uses ATP?
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Anabolism
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What is the most abundant inorganic compound in the body?
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Water
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What metabolic reaction joins molecules together to form more complex molecules?
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Anabolism
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dehydration synthesis happens during what metabolic reaction?
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Anabolism
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_______ compounds have at least one C-C bond or one C-H bond
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Organic molecules
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define inorganic compounds
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few have carbon atoms and none have C-C or C-H bonds
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What are six inorganic molecules in the body?
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water
O2 CO2 Electrolytes Salts Buffers |
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What are the four properties of water?
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Polarity
Solvent High specific heat High heat of vaporization |
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What inorganic molecule is produced as waste product and also helps maintain the appropriate acid - base balance in the body?
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CO2
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What are the three groups that make up Electrolytes?
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Acids
Bases Salts |
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______ are a substance that releases a hydrogen ion when in solution
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Acids
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Define a cation
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positively charge ion
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what is a negatively charge ion?
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anions
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_______ are electrolytes that dissociate to yield hydroxide ions
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bases
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what is OH-
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hydroxide ion
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what electrolyte is a proton acceptor?
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Base
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What electrolyte is a proton doner?
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Acid
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a pH of 7 indicates?
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neutrality (equal amouts of H+ and OH-)
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______ maintain the constancy of pH
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Buffers
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______ minimze changes in the concentration of H+ and OH-
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Buffers
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_____ are compounds that result from chemical interactions of an acid and base
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Salts
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Reactions between an acid and base to from salt and water is call a ___________ reaction
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neutralization
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What are the organic molecules in the body?
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Carbohydrates
protiens lipids nucleic acid, necleotides |
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_________ is a simple sugar with a short carbon chains
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monosaccharides
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______ is a six carbon monosaccharide
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hexose
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______ is a five carbon monosaccharide
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pentose
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what are the pentose molecules found in DNA and RNA
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deoxyribose
ribose |
