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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dendrite
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the neuron's bushy, branching extensions that receive message and conduct impulses toward the cell body
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Axon
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the neuron's extension that passes messages through its branching terminal fibers that form junctions with other neurons, muscles, or glands
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Neuron Communication (Step One)
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Electrical impulses (action potentials) travel down axon until reaching the synapse
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Neuron Communication (Step Two)
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action potential reaches an axon terminal, stimulates release of neurotransmitter molecules; These cross the synaptic gap and bind to receptor site receiving neuron. Allowing electrically charged atoms to enter the receiving neuron and excite or inhibit a new action potential.
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Neuron Communication (Step Three)
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Sending Neuron reuptakes.
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Nervous System
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Consists of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
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Central Nervous system
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the brain and the spinal cord
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Peripheral Nervous System
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the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body. Consists of the somatic and autonomic nervous system.
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Somatic Nervous System
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Controls the voluntary movements of skeletal muscles
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Autonomic Nervous System
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Controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glands. Branches into the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous systems
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Sympathetic Nervous System
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Arouses and Expends energy
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
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Conserves energy; Calms the body
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Endocrine System
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the body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
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Hypothalamus
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brain region controlling the pituitary gland
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Pituitary Gland
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secretes many different hormones such as oxytocin.
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Thyroid Gland
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affects metabolism
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Parathyroid
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helps regulate the calcium in the blood
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Adrenal Gland
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inner part; helps trigger the "flight-or-fight" response. Consists of the medulla and the adrenal cortex
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Pancreas
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regulates the level of sugar in the blood
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Medulla
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"fight or flight" / fear
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Adrenal Cortex
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fluid/ electrolyte balance
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Testis
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secretes male sex hormones
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Ovary
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secretes female sex hormones
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Limbic System
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neural system (including the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus) located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives
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Amygdala
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influence aggression and fear
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Hippocampus
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linked to memory
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Hypothalamus
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controls maintenance functions such as eating; helps govern endocrine system; linked to emotion and reward
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Brainstem
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responsible for automatic survival function
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Medulla
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controls heartbeat and breathing
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Pons
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coordinates movements; respiratory
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Reticular Formation
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Controls arousal
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Thalamus
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Receives all of the senses except smell and routes it to the higher brain regions
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Cerebellum
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judge time, modulate emotions, and discriminates sounds and textures; "little brain"
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