Chapter 2 - Principles Of Management - Vocab

Front 1

historical perspectives

Back 1

includes three viewpoints--classified, behavioral, and quantitative

Front 2

contemporary perspective

Back 2

includes three viewpoints--systems, contingency, and quality-management

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Understanding of the present, Guide to action, Source of new ideas, Clues to meaning of your managers' decisions, Clues to meaning of outside events

Back 3

The Five Practical Reasons for Studying This Chapter

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classical viewpoint

Back 4

emphasized finding ways to manage work more efficiently, had two branches--scientific and administrative

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scientific management

Back 5

emphasized the scientific study of work methods to improve the productivity of individual workers

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administrative management

Back 6

concerned with managing the total organization

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behavioral viewpoint

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emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior and of motivating employees toward achievement

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human relations movement

Back 8

which proposed that better human relations could increase worker productivity

Front 9

behavior science

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relies on scientific research for developing theories about human behavior that can be used to provide practical tools for managers

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quantitative management

Back 10

the application to management of quantitative techniques such as statistics and computer simulations, has two branches

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They were industrial engineers that pioneered time and motion studies, they used movie cameras to film workers at work in order to isolate parts of a job

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What is Lillian and Frank Gilbreth's contribution to society?

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It is too mechanistic, it tends to view humans was cogs within a machine, not taking into account the importance of human needs

Back 12

What is the flaw with classical management theories?

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- Organizations should be operated as communities with managers and subordinates working together in harmony

- Conflicts should be resolved by having managers and workers talk over differences and find solutions that would satisfy both parties--a process she called integration

- the work process should be under the control of workers with the relevant knowledge, rather than of managers, who should act as facilitators

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What were Follett contributions to society?

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qualitative viewpoint

Back 14

applies quantitative techniques to management

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- Emphasized scientific study of work methods to improve productivity of individual workers

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What were Gilbreth's contributions to society?

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employees would work harder if they received added attention, if they thought that managers cared about their welfare, and if supervisors paid attention to them

...(Hawthorne Studies: began with an investigation into whether workplace lighting level affected worker productivity)

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What is the Hawthorne Effect (Hawthorne Studies)?

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He proposed his hierarchy of human needs: physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization

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What is Maslow theory?

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Theory X

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- this theory represents a pessimistic, negative view of workers. workers are considered to be irresponsible, to be resistant to change, to lack ambition, to hate work, and to want to be lead rather than to lead

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Theory Y

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- represents the outlook of human relations proponents--an optimistic, positive view of workers. Workers are considered to be capable of accepting responsibility, self-direction, and self-control and of being imaginative and creative

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open system

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a system that continually interacts with its environment

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closed system

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a system that has little interaction with its environment

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quality-management viewpoint

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which includes quality control, quality assurance, and total quality management, deserves to be considered because of the impact of this kind of thinking on contemporary management perspectives

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learning organization

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is an organization that actively creates, acquires, and transfers knowledge within itself and is able to modify its behavior to reflect new knowledge

(1) Creating and acquiring knowledge (2) Transferring knowledge (3) Modifying behavior

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contingency viewpoint

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emphasizes that a manager's approach should vary according to--that is, be contingent on--individual and the environmental situation

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systems viewpoint

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regards the organization as a system of interrelated parts by adopting this point of view, you can look at your organization both as (1) a collection of subsystems--part making up the whole system--and (2) a part of the large environment