Chapter 2 Of Eoes

Front 1

List the four major components of physical fitness

Back 1

Muscle fitness (muscular strength & endurance,) body composition, cardiovascular or cardiorepiratory endurance and flexibility.

Front 2

What is the major difference between muscular strength and muscular endurance?

Back 2

Muscular strength is the maximal force that a muscle or muscle group can exert during a single contraction, while muscular strength is the ability of a muscle or muscle group to exert force against a resistance over a sustained period of time.

Front 3

What is the major difference between essential fat and storage fat?

Back 3

Essential fat is the amount of body fat necessary for the maintenance of life and reproductive function, 2-5% for men and 10-13% for women. Storage fat is body fat that is stored in excess of essential fat. Eccess body fat storage is referred to as overweight or obese.

Front 4

Difference between tidal volume and stroke volume?

Back 4

Tidal volume is the volume of air moved with each breath and represents the depth of ventilation, while stroke volume is the quantity of blood pumped per heart beat.

Front 5

Difference between aerobic glycolysis and anaerobic glycolysis?

Back 5

Aerobic glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that produces ATP in the presence of oxygen, while anaerobic glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that produces ATP in the absence of oxygen.

Front 6

Difference between heat exhaustion and heat stroke?

Back 6

Heat exhaustion is a moderate form of heat stress due to inadequate circulatory adjustments to exercise in the heat and humidity coupled with fluid loss. While heat stroke is a severe form of heat stress resulting from a complete failure of the bodies heat regulating mechanisms with the core temp exceeding 104 f or 40 c.

Front 7

Difference between first ventilatory threshold an dsecond ventilatory threshold?

Back 7

First ventilatory threshold (VT1) occurs at approximately the first time lactate begins to accumulate, represents hypervenalation relative to VO2 and is caused by the need to blow off extra CO2 produced by buffering of acid metabolites. VT2 occurs at the point when lactate is rapidly increasing w/ intensity and represents hyperventilation even relative to the extra CO2 that is being produces. VT2 is approximately the highest intensity that a trained individual can sustain for 30 to 60 minutes.

Front 8

Beta Oxidation

Back 8

The process of breaking down fatty acids for the production of ATP.

Front 9

Partial pressure

Back 9

The relative amount and availability of an atomospheric gas at a given altitude.

Front 10

Mitochondria

Back 10

The site for aerobic production of ATP

Front 11

Catecholamines

Back 11

A category of hormones that stimulaate the body to adjust to the increased metabolic demands of exercise.

Front 12

Sympathetic stimulation

Back 12

The process that results in preparing the body for exercise: "flight or flight" mechanism.

Front 13

Maximal aerobic capacity

Back 13

The greatest amount of oxygen an individual can take in, transport, and use for physical work.

Front 14

Creating phosphate

Back 14

A high-energy compound found within muscle celled used to supply energy for intense, short duration activities.

Front 15

Adenosine triphosphate

Back 15

Complicated chemical structure that when broken down releases energy for cellular work.

Front 16

Lactate

Back 16

A metabolic by product that causes changes in muscle pH and eventual muscle fatigue.

Front 17

Respiratory exchange ratio

Back 17

The amount of carbon dioxide produced relative to the amount of oxygen consumed.

Front 18

First ventilatory threshold

Back 18

The highest intensity that can be sustained for 30 to 60 minutes in well trained individuals.

Front 19

Second ventilatory threshold

Back 19

The highest intensity that can be sustained for 30 to 60 minutes in well trained individuals.

Front 20

List the three basic processes of the cardiorepiratory system that must be functioning properly to provide adequate book and nutrients to the tissues

Back 20

A) Getting oxygen into the blood via pulmonary ventilation and the hemoglobin content of the blood. B) Delivering oxygen to the active tissues through increased cardiac output. C) Extracting oxygen from the blood to complete the metabolic production of ATP.

Front 21

Lactate

Back 21

A metabolic by product that causes changes in muscle pH and eventual muscle fatigue.

Front 22

Respiratory exchange ratio

Back 22

The amount of carbon dioxide produced relative to the amount of oxygen consumed.

Front 23

First ventilatory threshold

Back 23

The highest intensity that can be sustained for 30 to 60 minutes in well trained individuals.

Front 24

Second ventilatory threshold

Back 24

The highest intensity that can be sustained for 30 to 60 minutes in well trained individuals.

Front 25

List the three basic processes of the cardiorepiratory system that must be functioning properly to provide adequate book and nutrients to the tissues

Back 25

A) Getting oxygen into the blood via pulmonary ventilation and the hemoglobin content of the blood. B) Delivering oxygen to the active tissues through increased cardiac output. C) Extracting oxygen from the blood to complete the metabolic production of ATP.

Front 26

Cortisol

Back 26

Promotes protein an dtriglyceride breakdown during prolonged exercise.

Front 27

Estrogen

Back 27

Plays a major role in bone formation and maintenance.

Front 28

Epinephrine

Back 28

Inceases cardiac output and causes glycogenolysis during exercise.

Front 29

Insulin

Back 29

Facilitates glucose removal from the blood.

Front 30

Aldosterone

Back 30

Limits sodium excretion in the urine to maintain electrolyte balance during exercise.

Front 31

Vasopressin

Back 31

Reduces the urinary excretion of water

Front 32

Glucagon

Back 32

causes the release of free fatty acids into the bloodstream.

Front 33

Growth hormone.

Back 33

Facilitates protein synthesis in the body.

Front 34

Lean body mass consist of what?

Back 34

Muscles, bones, nervous tissue, skin, blood and organs.

Front 35

Cardiac output is the product of _____ & _____?

Back 35

heart rate and stroke volume.

Front 36

On average, _______ of energy are burned for every liter of oxygen consumed?

Back 36

5 kcals (kilocalories)

Front 37

During exercise, _______stays the same or decreases due to vasodilation of blood vessels.

Back 37

diastolic blood pressure or "dbp"

Front 38

The increased use of oxygen after an intense workout to restore the body's homeostatis conditions is called _________?

Back 38

Excess post oxygen consumption.

Front 39

_______ _____ are the nervous-system structures that donduct impulses from the central nervous system to the periphery.

Back 39

Motor neurons.

Front 40

Individuals who excel in activities characterized byh sudden burst of activity, but who tire relatively quickly, most likely have a larger percentage of ____________.

Back 40

Fast twitch muscle fiber.

Front 41

A condition associated wtih low body wiehgt and excessively high levels of chronic exercise training that can increase ones risk of osteoporosis is called______?

Back 41

amenoreah

Front 42

___________ is the best time of the day to exercise to minimize the effects of air pollutants associated with vehicular traffic?

Back 42

AM or early morning.