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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cognitive Neuroscience |
- To some extent, an add-on to cog. psych - To some extent, the "future" of cog. psych |
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Does Cog. Neuroscience "trump" Cog. psych? |
- In some sense, yes |
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Neurons |
- Cells specialized to receive and transmit info in nervous system - Each neuron has cell body, axon and dendrites |
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Myelin |
- Insulation around axon - Keeps signals in better |
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Cell Body |
- Contains mechanisms to keep cell alive
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Axon |
- Send signals to other neurons |
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Dedrites |
- Gets info from axon to soma |
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Sensory Receptors |
- Respond to info received from the senses |
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Neural Communication |
- Electrical communication with neurons - Chemical communication between neurons
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Action Potentials |
- Neuron receives signal from environment - Change from resting potential ( -70mv) to +40mv - Change causes electrical charge that goes down axon
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Measuring Action Potential |
- Rate of firing is measure - Low intensities = Slow firing - High intensities = Fast firing |
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Synapse |
- Space between axon and dendrite - Neurotransmitters reside here
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Neurotransmitters |
- Chemicals that affect electrical signal of receiving neuron
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Excitatory |
- Increases chance neuron will fire
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Inhibitory |
- Decreases chance neuron will fire |
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Localization of Function |
- Specific brain regions are in charge of specific functions - Cognitive functioning breaks down in specific way when areas of brain are damaged |
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Grey Matter |
- NO myelin - Controlled by nerve cell bodies |
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White Matter |
- Packed with myelin - Center of brain mainly
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Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) |
- Found in brain and spine - Acts as cushion or buffer for brain's cortex
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Ventricles |
- Communicating network - Filled with CSF |
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Cortex |
- Everything you see on the outside of the brain - Folded - Primarily involved in higher cognitive functioning |
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Subcortical |
- Everything else under the cortex - Involves lower level cognitive, emotional and homeostatic processes |
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Four Lobes |
- Occipital = Vision - Parietal = Body perception - Temporal = Audition - Frontal = Motor activity, emotion
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The Limbic System |
- Hippocampus = Memory - Amygdala = Fear - Corpus Callosum = links hemispheres - Thalamus = Motor function - Basal Ganglia = action selection - Cerebellum = balance
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The 2 hemispheres |
Left: Math, language, logic Right: Spatial abilities, facial recognition, music, vision
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Corpus Callosum |
- White matter in center of brain - Helps control flow of info b/w hemispheres
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Localization of Function: Language |
- Production impaired by damage to Broca's area - Frontal Lobe - Comprehension impaired by damage to Wernicke's area - Temporal Lobe
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Visual System |
- What stream = processes object based info - Where stream = Processes spatial based info - Together allow us to process the world visually |
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Feature Detectors |
- Neurons that respond best to specific stimulus |
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Hubel & Wiesel (1965) |
- Simple Cells: Neurons that respond best to bars of light of a particular orientation - Complex Cells: Neuron that respond best to an oriented bar of light with a specific length |
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Specificity Coding
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- Representation of a specific stimulus by firing of specifically tuned neurons specialized to just respond to a specific stimulus |
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Distributed Coding |
- Representation by a pattern of firing across a number of neurons |
