Chapter 2 Chemical Level Of Organization

Front 1

The smallest chemical units of matter which no chemical change can alter.

Back 1

atoms

Front 2

The three subatomic particles that are stable constituents of atomic structures are

Back 2

protons, neutrons, electrons

Front 3

Protons are only found where?

Back 3

in the nucleus

Front 4

The unequal sharing of electrons in a molecule of water is an example of what type of bond?

Back 4

polar covalent bond

Front 5

The attraction between anions and cations is important in what type of bond?

Back 5

ionic bonds

Front 6

The symbol 2H means

Back 6

there are 2 atoms of hydrogen

Front 7

AB=A+B

is what type of reaction

Back 7

decomposition

Front 8

AB+CD<--> AD + CB

is an example of what types of reactions

Back 8

reversible

synthesis

exhange

Front 9

A+B <====> AD + CB

is an example of what three types of reactions

Back 9

reversible

synthesis

decomposition

Front 10

The presence of an appropriate enzyme affects on the what?

Back 10

The presence of an appropriate enzyme affects only the rate of the reaction.

Front 11

Organic catalysts made by living cells to promotes a specific reaction

Back 11

enzymes

Front 12

The major difference between inorganic and organic compounds is that inorganic compound are usually not structurally made from what?

Back 12

Inorganic compound are not made of Carbon and Hydrogen.

Front 13

The four major classes of organic compounds are

Back 13

carbs, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

Front 14

The ability of water to maintain a relatively constant temperature and then prevent rapid change is due to its?

Back 14

capacity to absorb and distribute heat

Front 15

To maintain homeostasis in the human body, the normal pH range of the blood must remain at

Back 15

7.35-7.45

Front 16

How can an enzyme catalyze a reaction?

Back 16

A enzyme can speed up a reaction by binding to a substrate.

Front 17

The ideal medium for the absorption and transport of inorganic or organic compounds is

Back 17

water

Front 18

A solute that dissociates to release hydrogen ions and causes a decrease in pH is

Back 18

an acid

Front 19

A solute that removes hydrogen ions from a solution is a

Back 19

base

Front 20

A carbohydrate is made of what three elements

Back 20

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Front 21

Carbs are most important to the body in that they serve as primary source of

Back 21

energy

Front 22

The small molecule that form chains to build proteins are called

Back 22

amino acids

Front 23

Special proteins that are involved in metabolic regulation are called

Back 23

enzymes

Front 24

The three basic components of a single nucleotide of nucleic acid are

Back 24

sugar, phosphate group and nitrogen base

Front 25

The most important high energy compound found in the human body

Back 25

ATP

Front 26

The chemical properties of every element are determined by

Back 26

the number and arrangement of electrons on the outer energy level

Front 27

Whether an atom will react with another atom will be determined primarily by

Back 27

the number of electrons in the outermost energy level

Front 28

In the formation of nonpolar covalent bonds there is ______ sharing of electrons.

Back 28

equal

Front 29

The symbol 2H2O means that two identical molecules of water are composed of

Back 29

2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom

Front 30

The reason water is effective in water is because

Back 30

polar molecules are formed due to the closeness of the hydrogen atoms

Front 31

The action of a buffer to maintain pH with normal limits consists of

Back 31

removing or replacing hydrogen ions

Front 32

Salt

Back 32

an inorganic molecule created by the reaction of an acid and a base

Front 33

The chemical makeup of a lipid molecule is different from a carbohydrate in that the lipid molecule

Back 33

contains much less oxygen than a carbohydrate having the same number of carbon atoms

Front 34

Lipid deposits are important as energy reserves because

Back 34

lipids provide twice as much energy as carbs

Front 35

Proteins differ from carbs in that they

Back 35

always contain nitrogen

Front 36

Compared to the other major organic compounds, nucleic acids are unique in that they

Back 36

store and process information at the molecular level

Front 37

Isotopes of an element are

Back 37

atoms whose nuclei contain different numbers of neutrons

Front 38

What happens to an enzyme that is subject to extremely high temperatures

Back 38

it becomes denatured

Front 39

If an atom has an atomic number of 92 and its atomic weight is 238, how many protons does the atom have?

Back 39

92

Front 40

If the second energy level of an atom has 1 electron how many more does it need to reach maximum capacity?

Back 40

7

Front 41

T/F

All polysaccharides have a sweet taste and dissolve easily in water.

Back 41

False

Front 42

Which type of lipid is a good energy source, provides insulation and helps protect delicate organs?

Back 42

Trigylcerides

Front 43

6.7 is this a weak or stond acid?

Back 43

weak acid

Front 44

Type of bond that has the most important effects on the properties of water and the shapes of complex molecules

Back 44

hydrogen bond

Front 45

If a oxygen has an atomic weight of 16, what is the molecular weight of an oxygen molecule?

Back 45

32

Front 46

A molecule that is hydrophobic consists of what?

Back 46

fats and oils

Front 47

The dispersed substances in a solution are called

Back 47

solutes

Front 48

Two simple sugars are joined together to form a disaccharide. The reaction involved requires the _____ of water to create a more _________molecule

Back 48

removal, complex

Front 49

The reason the hemoglobin molecule qualifies as a quaternary protein is that

Back 49

it has four interacting globular subunits.