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56 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Botany
study of plants and plant life
Bryophytes:
ex. peat mosses and shagnum mosses
Tracheophytes
seedless vascular plants, ex. club mosses & ferns
Gymnosperms
"open seeds," cone-bearing seed plants- ex. pines
Angiosperms
"closed seeds," flower-bearing seed plants - ex. roses
Embryo
tiny plant inside the seed which will grow into a new plant
Cotyledons & endosperm
source of embryo nutrients, endosperm only found in certain plants
Integuments
Two layers of seed coats whcih protect the plant
Hypocotyl, radicle
Emerges after hypocotyl and becomes established as the primary root
Epicotyl, plumule
Emerges after hypocotyl and becomes the shoot system
Axis
anything that holds leaves
Node, Internode
The node is the point on the axis which the leaves attach; internodes are the area between nodes on an axis
Leaf and leaf blade
leaf usually has green flattened leaf blade, shape is unique to each plant and the veins that run through the blade largely determine the shape
Petiole
leaf blade either attaches to the axis directly (sessile) or through a leaf stalk (petiole)
Stipule
Some plants have a pair of short appendages on either side of hte leaf petiole, eact function not clear but it may help with photosynthesis
Axillary bud
bud located in the avil
Apical bud (contains)
Contains apical meristem, helps lengthen plant during growint season or produce flowers
Tap roots
when primary root becomes thick, one main root
Fibrous roots
main root disappears and many tiny roots of the same size appear
Adventitious roots
addictional roots that develop from other parts of the plant than the root system (ex. prop roots)
Peduncle
stalk of a single flower
Receptacle
small pad where flower whorls are attached
Calyx
made up of individual units called sepals, usually green in color and protects flower buds, persistent and stays along with most fruits
Corolla
made of individual units called petals, may be brightly colored to attract pollinators
Androcium
Made up of individual units called stamens; stamens consist of a stalk called a filament that ends in a two to four lobed anther (site of pollen formation)
Gynoecium
made of individual units called carpels; a carpel consists of a reproductive unit called an ovary where one or more ovules; carples also have a receptive part known as a stigma that colects an holds pollen and a style that connects the stigma to the ovary
Non essential parts of the flower
Calyx and Corolla
Essential parts of the flower
Androecium and gynoecium
Perianth
Calyx and Corolla
Tepals
undifferentiated perianth
Complete flowers
contains perianth, androecium, and gynoecium
Incomplete flowers
Lack any one of the four flower whorls
Bisexual/Perfect flowers
have both stamens and carpels
Unisexual/Imperfect flowers
lacks either stamen or carpels
Staminate or male flower
carpels none or sterile
Carpellate or female flower
stamens none or sterile
Monoecious plants
have both male and female flowers
Diecious plants
have either male or female flowers
Inflorescences
collections of flowers
Superior Ovary
such a flower is described as hypogynous (other flower parts below the gyncium)
Inferior Ovary
such a flower is described as epigynous
Semi-inferior ovary
such a flower is described as perigynous
Simple Ovary
has only one compartment
Compound ovary
has more than one compartment
Meristems
areas in teh plant with actively dividing cells
Apical meristems
found at apex of the plant grows in length (primary growth)
Lateral meristems
Plant expands in diameter, laterally located, secondary growth
Vascular cambium
woody vascular tissue
Cork cambium
bark
Intercalary meristems
nodal regions of grasses which contribute to regrowth of grass after cutting
Annuals
3 months - 1 year
Biennials
About two years
Perennials
Can live from 5/6 years to thousands of years
Binomials
Legal/scientific names, aka technical names
Genus
first part of binomial name
Species
second part of binomial name