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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Botany
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study of plants and plant life
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Bryophytes:
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ex. peat mosses and shagnum mosses
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Tracheophytes
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seedless vascular plants, ex. club mosses & ferns
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Gymnosperms
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"open seeds," cone-bearing seed plants- ex. pines
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Angiosperms
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"closed seeds," flower-bearing seed plants - ex. roses
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Embryo
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tiny plant inside the seed which will grow into a new plant
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Cotyledons & endosperm
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source of embryo nutrients, endosperm only found in certain plants
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Integuments
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Two layers of seed coats whcih protect the plant
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Hypocotyl, radicle
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Emerges after hypocotyl and becomes established as the primary root
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Epicotyl, plumule
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Emerges after hypocotyl and becomes the shoot system
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Axis
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anything that holds leaves
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Node, Internode
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The node is the point on the axis which the leaves attach; internodes are the area between nodes on an axis
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Leaf and leaf blade
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leaf usually has green flattened leaf blade, shape is unique to each plant and the veins that run through the blade largely determine the shape
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Petiole
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leaf blade either attaches to the axis directly (sessile) or through a leaf stalk (petiole)
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Stipule
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Some plants have a pair of short appendages on either side of hte leaf petiole, eact function not clear but it may help with photosynthesis
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Axillary bud
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bud located in the avil
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Apical bud (contains)
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Contains apical meristem, helps lengthen plant during growint season or produce flowers
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Tap roots
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when primary root becomes thick, one main root
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Fibrous roots
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main root disappears and many tiny roots of the same size appear
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Adventitious roots
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addictional roots that develop from other parts of the plant than the root system (ex. prop roots)
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Peduncle
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stalk of a single flower
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Receptacle
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small pad where flower whorls are attached
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Calyx
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made up of individual units called sepals, usually green in color and protects flower buds, persistent and stays along with most fruits
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Corolla
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made of individual units called petals, may be brightly colored to attract pollinators
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Androcium
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Made up of individual units called stamens; stamens consist of a stalk called a filament that ends in a two to four lobed anther (site of pollen formation)
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Gynoecium
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made of individual units called carpels; a carpel consists of a reproductive unit called an ovary where one or more ovules; carples also have a receptive part known as a stigma that colects an holds pollen and a style that connects the stigma to the ovary
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Non essential parts of the flower
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Calyx and Corolla
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Essential parts of the flower
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Androecium and gynoecium
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Perianth
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Calyx and Corolla
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Tepals
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undifferentiated perianth
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Complete flowers
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contains perianth, androecium, and gynoecium
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Incomplete flowers
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Lack any one of the four flower whorls
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Bisexual/Perfect flowers
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have both stamens and carpels
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Unisexual/Imperfect flowers
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lacks either stamen or carpels
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Staminate or male flower
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carpels none or sterile
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Carpellate or female flower
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stamens none or sterile
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Monoecious plants
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have both male and female flowers
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Diecious plants
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have either male or female flowers
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Inflorescences
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collections of flowers
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Superior Ovary
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such a flower is described as hypogynous (other flower parts below the gyncium)
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Inferior Ovary
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such a flower is described as epigynous
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Semi-inferior ovary
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such a flower is described as perigynous
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Simple Ovary
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has only one compartment
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Compound ovary
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has more than one compartment
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Meristems
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areas in teh plant with actively dividing cells
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Apical meristems
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found at apex of the plant grows in length (primary growth)
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Lateral meristems
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Plant expands in diameter, laterally located, secondary growth
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Vascular cambium
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woody vascular tissue
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Cork cambium
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bark
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Intercalary meristems
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nodal regions of grasses which contribute to regrowth of grass after cutting
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Annuals
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3 months - 1 year
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Biennials
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About two years
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Perennials
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Can live from 5/6 years to thousands of years
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Binomials
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Legal/scientific names, aka technical names
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Genus
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first part of binomial name
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Species
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second part of binomial name
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