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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the four kinds of bonding?
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- ionic
- covalent - Van der Waals - Hydrogen |
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What is the difference between a solution and a suspension?
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a solution is all mixed together(homogeneous) whereas a suspensin is not ( heterogeneous) blood is a suspension, salt water is a solution
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in salt water, what is the solvent and what is the solute?
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water is the solvent (universal solvent) and salt is the solute.
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what is a buffer?
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a buffer is a weak acid or base. it is present in cells and prevents severe swings - acidic or basic. trys to make things neutral.
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what is Alkaline?
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basic
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what is carbon's structure and bonding?
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Carbon was 4 electrons on its outer shell - so 4 electrons to covalently bond to. It can also bond to itself.
in a 1:2:1 structure - C:H:O |
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Macromolecules
micromolecules |
"giant molecule"
small molecule |
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monomers
polymers |
single, form chains (polymer)
*** There are specific kinds of polymers -carbohydrates -lipids -nucleic acids -proteins |
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glucose
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a simple sugar, it is found in humans (blood sugar)
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simple sugars
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basic unit
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Enzymes
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break down things - starch into glucose
cant do this to cellulose |
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monosaccharides
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single/simple sugar
examples -glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose |
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disaccharides
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lit 2 sugars
examples - sucrose, lactose (milk), maltose (beer) |
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polysaccharides
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many simple sugars connected
examples - starch and cellulose |
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Lipids
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soluble in nonploar solvents (insoluble in water), they store energy (fats), important component of cell membranes
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Fats and oils
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classic lipids, composed of 3 fatty acids and glyceral
fats are nonpolar - do not dissolve in water |
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saturated / unsaturated fats
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sat - no double bonds between carbon
examples - cheese, butter unsat - have double bonds which produces a bend in molecule examples - corn, sesame, peanut, cooking oils |
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phospholipids
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phosphate group, glyceral, fatty acids
part of cell membrane |
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hydrophobic
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doesnt like h2o
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Nucleic Acids
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macromolecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus
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nucleotide
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monor -> nucleic acid (polymer)
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DNA, RNA
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sugar is present in RNA, DNA critical part of life - genes
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