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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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artificial selection |
selection by humans to propagate the most desirable traits of an organism |
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phenotype |
observable traits of an organism. |
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genotype |
the genetic makeup, or collection of alleles, that an individual has. |
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allele |
a gene variant, one of two or more alternative forms of a gene |
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heritability |
a measure of the proportion of variance in a trait that is due to genetic influence rather than environmental. |
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cross fostering |
when you take young animals from two different groups and switch where they grow up. |
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adaption |
a trait that results in its bearer having the highest fitness among a specified set of behaviors in a specified environment. |
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eusociality |
reproductive division of labor with reproducing and permanently non-reproducing castes |
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homology |
a trait shared by two or more species because of common ancestry. |
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homoplasy |
a trait that is shared by two or more species but is NOT a result of common ancestry but rather similar environmental struggles. |
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parsimony |
assumption that the simplest route is most likely the correct one. |
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What does natural selection require? |
1. variation in a trait. 2. fitness consequences of the trait. 3. mode of inheritance (trait must be passed down). |
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Where does genetic mutation come from? |
-mutation (insertion/deletion of a nucleotide base in DNA). -genetic recombination (chromosomal crossing over during cell division. -migration of new individuals. |
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What is parent-offspring regression? |
-if a variation is due to genetics then there should be a high correlation between the behavior of parents and offspring, despite the differences in experiences and environments. |
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What is gene-centered view of evolution? |
This says taht the gene is "selfish" in that we are just machines that act to maximize the number of copies of our selfish gene. |
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What traits can be used to build a phylogeny? |
-morphological traits. |
