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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Neuroscience |
The study of the brain and the rest of the nervous system |
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Nervous system |
Am organisms system of tissues specializes for distributing and processing information |
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Neuron |
A type of cell that is specialized for information processing |
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CNS |
the part of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord |
Central nervous system |
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PNS |
The part of the nervous system that carries information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system and carries commands from the CNS to muscles |
Peripheral nervous system |
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Cerebral cortex |
The brain tissue covering the top and sides of the brain in most vertebrates involved on storage and processing of sensory inputs and motor outputs |
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Frontal lobe |
The part of the cerebral cortex lying at the front of the human brain enables a person to plan and preform actions |
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Parietal lobe |
the part of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the human brain important for processing sensatosensory (touch) information |
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Temporal lobe |
The part of the cerebral cortex lying at the sides of the human brain important for language and auditory processing and for learning new facts and forming new memories of events |
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Occipital lobe |
The part of the cerebral cortex lying at the rear of the human brain important for visual processing. |
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Cerebellum |
A brain region lying below the cerebral cortex in the back of the head. It is responsible for the regulation and coordination of complex voluntary movement includiing classical conditioning of motor reflex responses |
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Brainstem |
A group of structures that connects the rest of the brain to the spinal cord and play key roles in regulating automatic functions such a breathing and body temperature |
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Thalamus |
Receives various sensory signals |
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Basal ganglia |
Important for planning and producing skilled movement like throwing a football |
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Hippocampus |
Inside temporal lobe thought to be important for learning new facts |
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Amygdala |
Emotional memories |
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Dendrite |
Extension of a neuron that is specialized to receive signals from other neurons |
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Cell body |
The central part of the neuron that contains the nucleus and integrates signals from all of the dendrites also known as the soma |
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Soma |
The central part of the neuron that contains the nucleus and integrates signals from all the dendrites |
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Axon |
The output extentjo. If a neuron specialized for transmitting information to other neurons or to muscles |
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Interneurons |
Contain 2 or more neurons have short or no axons at all |
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Pyramid cells |
Neurons shaped like a pyramid |
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Stellate cells |
Neurons shaped like a star |
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Gilia |
A type of cell that provides functional or structural support to neurons |
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Phrenology |
A field of study that attempted to determine mental abilities by measuring head shape and size |
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Structural neuroimaging |
Techniques for creating images of anatomical structures within the living brain |
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Lesion |
Damage caused by injury or illness |
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MRI |
A method of structural neuroimaging based on recording changes in magnetic field |
Magnetic resonance imaging |
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DTI |
A type of MRI that measures the diffusion of water in brain tissue permitting bundles of axons throughout the brain to be imaged |
Diffusion tensor imaging |
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Enriched enviorment |
An environment that provides sensory stimulation and opportunities to explore and learn |
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Reflex |
An involuntary and automatic (unlearned) response |
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A1 |
Primary auditory cortex Sound |
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S1 |
Primary somatosenory cortex sensations |
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V1 |
Primary visual cortex sight |
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M1 |
Primary motor cortex coordinated movements |
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Synapse |
A narrow gap between two neurons across which chemical messages can be transmitted |
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Presynaptic |
On the sending side of a synapse |
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Postsynaptic |
On the receiving side of a synapse |
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Neurotransmitter |
One of several classes of molecule released by neurons to carry chemical messages to other neurons |
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Receptor |
A specialized molecule located on the surface of a neuron to which one or more particular neurotransmitters can bind when a neurotransmitter activates a receptor effects may be initiated in the neuron |
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Neuromodulator |
A neurotransmitter that acts to modulate activity in a large number of neurons rather than a single synapse |
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Functional neuroimaging |
Techniques for observing the activity or function of a living brain |
fMRI or PET |
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Difference image |
An image of differences in brain activity obtained by taking an fMRI or PET image of a person performing a particular task then subtracting the image of the same person at baseline |
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PET |
A method of functional neuroimaging based on detecting radiation from the emission of subatomic particles called positrons associated with the brains use of glucose from the blood |
Positron emission tomagraphy |
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fMRI |
A method of functional neuroimaging based on comparing a MRI of the brain during performance of a task with an MRI of the brain at rest |
Functional magnetic resonance imaging |
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EEG |
A method for measuring electrical activity in the brain by means of electrodes placed on the scalp the resulting image is am electroencephalogram |
Electroencephalography |
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ERP |
Electroencephalograms from a single individual averaged over multiple repetitions of an event |
Event related potential |
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Neurophysiology |
The study of the activity and function of neurons |
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Single cell recording |
Use of an implanted electrode to detect electrical activity (spiking) in a single cell (such as a neuron) |
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Neuropsychology |
The branch of psychology that deals with the relation between brain function and behavior |
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Engram |
A physical change in the brain that forms the basis of a memory |
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Theory of equipotentiality |
The theory that memories are stored globally by the brain as a whole rather than in one particular brain area |
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Synaptic plasticity |
The ability of synapses to change as a result of experience |
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Hebbian learning |
The principle that learning involves strengthening the connections of coactive neurons |
Neurons that fire together wire together |
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LTP |
A process in which synaptic transmission becomes more effective as a result of recent activity with long term depression widely believed to represent a form of synaptic plasticity that could be the neural mechanism for learning |
Long term potentiation |
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LTD |
A process in which synaptic transmission becomes less effective as a result of recent activity. With long term potentiation widely believed to represent a form of synaptic plasticity that could be the neural mechanism for learning |
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