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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Matter |
Anything that has mass and takes up space |
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Atom |
The smallest unit of a substance that still contains properties of that substance |
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Element |
A substance made of the same atoms |
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Atomic number |
Number of protons, never changes |
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Mass number |
Number of protons and neutrons, equals atomic mass |
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Periods |
Horizontal rows on periodic table |
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Groups |
Vertical rows on periodic table |
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What are the six elements that makes up 95% of the body? |
Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Sulfur (carbon) |
CHNOPS |
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Isotopes |
Atoms of same element with different number of neutrons. |
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Radioactive |
Isotopes that spontaneously decay; can be helpful or harmful |
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Valence Shell |
Outermost energy shell |
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Molecule |
Two or more elements bonded together |
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Compound |
Molecule containing at least two elements bonded together |
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Formula |
Describes a chemical bond as it occurs |
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Ionic bond |
Forms when oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other (+-); hydrophilic |
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Ion |
Atom that has gained it lost at least one electron. Is positive when gaining and negative when losing, always fully charged. |
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Covalent Bond |
Result of electrons shared between valence shells; always partially charged. |
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Polar (covalent) Bond |
Electrons are shared unequally; higher electonegativity; hydrophilic |
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Nonpolar (covalent) bond |
Electrons shared equally; no charge; hydrophobic |
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Hydrogen Bond |
Weak attraction between slightly positive hydrogen and slightly negative other. Can occur between same or different molecules. |
Think electronegativity. |
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What are the properties of water? |
High heat capacity High heat of evaporation Solvent Adhesion/cohesion (surface tension) Ice less dense than water |
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Solution |
Solute dissolved into solvent |
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Solute |
Substance dissolved into solvent. |
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Solvent |
Liquid in which solute is dissolved into. |
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Hydrophilic |
Attracted to water and will form hydrogen bonds |
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Hydrophobic |
Not attracted to water, will not form hydrogen bonds |
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pH |
Positive hydrogen [H+] measure of hydrogen ion concentration in solution. |
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H+ |
Positive hydrogen ions |
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OH- |
Negative hydroxide ions |
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Acids |
High H+ concentrations; dissociate and release H+ |
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Bases |
Low H+ concentrations; take H+ or release OH- |
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Buffer |
A chemical (or combination of them) that keep pH within normal levels. |
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