Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
182 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Cell membrane |
Surrounds and protects the cell; determines what enters and leaves the cell |
Contains chromosomes and directs activities of the cell |
|
|
Nucleus |
Control center of the cell. |
|
|
|
Ribosomes |
Small granules that help the cells make protein |
|
|
|
Chromosomes |
Rod like structures within the nucleus; contain regions of DNA called genes |
Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code |
|
|
How many chromosomes do human body cells contain? |
23 pairs of chromosomes, except for egg and sperm cells which have 23 unpaired chromosomes until joining to form an embryo |
Chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure |
|
|
Genes |
Regions of DNA within each chromosome |
|
|
|
DNA |
A chemical contained in each chromosome; regulates the activities of the cell |
|
|
|
Karyotype |
Picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. |
Sausage-shaped |
|
|
Amniocentesis |
Puncture of the sac around the fetus for removal of fluid and cells; so that the karyotype of the baby can be examined |
Here, large proteins are made from smaller proteins |
|
|
Cytoplasm |
Includes all the material outside the nucleus and enclosed by the cell membrane |
|
|
|
Mitochondria |
Structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principle source of energy for the cell |
|
|
|
Endoplasmic Reticulum |
Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. |
|
|
|
Ribosomes |
Attached to the endoplasmic reticulum; build long chains of proteins |
|
|
|
Anabolism |
Process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids. |
|
|
|
Ana- |
Up |
|
|
|
Bol |
To cast |
|
|
|
-ism |
Process |
Includes catabolism and anabolism |
|
|
Catabolism |
Process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released |
|
|
|
Cata- |
Down |
|
|
|
Metabolism |
Total of the chemical processes in a cell. |
|
|
|
Meta |
Change |
|
|
|
Adipose Tissue |
Collection of fat cells |
Long and slender |
|
|
Cartilage |
Flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints. |
Forms part of the external ear and nose. Rings of this surround the trachea |
|
|
Epithelial Cells |
Skin cells that cover the outside of the body, line the internal surfaces of the organs |
|
|
|
Epithelial Cells |
Skin cells that cover the outside of the body, line the internal surfaces of the organs |
|
|
|
Histologist |
Specialist in the study of tissues |
|
|
|
Larynx |
Voice box; located at the upper part of the trachea |
|
|
|
Larynx |
Voice box; located at the upper part of the trachea |
|
|
|
Pharynx |
Throat |
|
|
|
Pituitary Gland |
Endocrine gland at the base of the brain |
|
|
|
Thyroid Gland |
Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck |
|
|
|
Thyroid Gland |
Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck |
|
|
|
Trachea |
Windpipe |
|
|
|
Thyroid Gland |
Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck |
|
|
|
Trachea |
Windpipe |
|
|
|
Ureter |
One of two tubes; each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder |
|
|
|
Urethra |
Tube from urinary bladder to the outside of the body |
|
|
|
Uterus |
Womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops |
|
|
|
Uterus |
Womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops |
|
|
|
Viscera |
Internal organs |
|
|
|
Dors/o |
Back |
|
|
|
Dors/o |
Back |
|
|
|
Ventr/o |
Belly |
|
|
|
Abdominal Cavity |
Space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines. |
Peritoneal cavity |
|
|
Cranial Cavity |
Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull. |
|
|
|
Cranial Cavity |
Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull. |
|
|
|
Cranial |
Pertaining to the head |
|
|
|
Cranial Cavity |
Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull. |
|
|
|
Cranial |
Pertaining to the head |
|
|
|
Diaphragm |
Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities. Moves up and down and aids in breathing. |
|
|
|
Cranial Cavity |
Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull. |
|
|
|
Cranial |
Pertaining to the head |
|
|
|
Diaphragm |
Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities. Moves up and down and aids in breathing. |
|
|
|
Dorsal (posterior) |
Pertaining to the back |
|
|
|
Cranial Cavity |
Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull. |
|
|
|
Cranial |
Pertaining to the head |
|
|
|
Diaphragm |
Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities. Moves up and down and aids in breathing. |
|
|
|
Dorsal (posterior) |
Pertaining to the back |
|
|
|
Mediastinum |
centrally located space outside of and between the lungs |
|
|
|
Cranial Cavity |
Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull. |
|
|
|
Cranial |
Pertaining to the head |
|
|
|
Diaphragm |
Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities. Moves up and down and aids in breathing. |
|
|
|
Dorsal (posterior) |
Pertaining to the back |
|
|
|
Mediastinum |
centrally located space outside of and between the lungs |
|
|
|
Pelvic Cavity |
Space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs. |
|
|
|
Pelvic |
Pertaining to the pelvis |
|
|
|
Pelvic |
Pertaining to the pelvis |
|
|
|
Peritoneum |
Double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity. The peritoneum attaches abdominal viscera to muscles and functions as a protective membrane around the organs |
|
|
|
Pelvic |
Pertaining to the pelvis |
|
|
|
Peritoneum |
Double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity. The peritoneum attaches abdominal viscera to muscles and functions as a protective membrane around the organs |
|
|
|
Pleural cavity |
Space between the pleural layers |
|
|
|
Pelvic |
Pertaining to the pelvis |
|
|
|
Peritoneum |
Double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity. The peritoneum attaches abdominal viscera to muscles and functions as a protective membrane around the organs |
|
|
|
Pleural cavity |
Space between the pleural layers |
|
|
|
Spinal Cavity |
Space within the spinal column containing the spinal cord |
Also called spinal canal |
|
|
Pelvic |
Pertaining to the pelvis |
|
|
|
Peritoneum |
Double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity. The peritoneum attaches abdominal viscera to muscles and functions as a protective membrane around the organs |
|
|
|
Pleural cavity |
Space between the pleural layers |
|
|
|
Spinal Cavity |
Space within the spinal column containing the spinal cord |
Also called spinal canal |
|
|
Thoracic Cavity |
Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs. |
|
|
|
Pelvic |
Pertaining to the pelvis |
|
|
|
Peritoneum |
Double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity. The peritoneum attaches abdominal viscera to muscles and functions as a protective membrane around the organs |
|
|
|
Pleural cavity |
Space between the pleural layers |
|
|
|
Spinal Cavity |
Space within the spinal column containing the spinal cord |
Also called spinal canal |
|
|
Thoracic Cavity |
Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs. |
|
|
|
Ventral |
Pertaining to the front |
|
|
|
Hypochondriac |
Right and left upper regions beneath the ribs |
|
|
|
Hypochondriac |
Right and left upper regions beneath the ribs |
|
|
|
Epigastric |
Middle upper region above the stomach |
|
|
|
Hypochondriac |
Right and left upper regions beneath the ribs |
|
|
|
Epigastric |
Middle upper region above the stomach |
|
|
|
Lumbar |
Right and left middle regions near the waist |
|
|
|
Hypochondriac |
Right and left upper regions beneath the ribs |
|
|
|
Epigastric |
Middle upper region above the stomach |
|
|
|
Lumbar |
Right and left middle regions near the waist |
|
|
|
Umbilical |
Central region near the naval |
|
|
|
Hypochondriac |
Right and left upper regions beneath the ribs |
|
|
|
Epigastric |
Middle upper region above the stomach |
|
|
|
Lumbar |
Right and left middle regions near the waist |
|
|
|
Umbilical |
Central region near the naval |
|
|
|
Inguinal |
Right and left lower regions near the groin. |
Also called iliac regions |
|
|
Hypochondriac |
Right and left upper regions beneath the ribs |
|
|
|
Epigastric |
Middle upper region above the stomach |
|
|
|
Lumbar |
Right and left middle regions near the waist |
|
|
|
Umbilical |
Central region near the naval |
|
|
|
Inguinal |
Right and left lower regions near the groin. |
Also called iliac regions |
|
|
Hypogastric |
Middle lower region below the umbilical region |
|
|
|
RUQ |
Right upper quadrant |
|
|
|
RUQ |
Right upper quadrant |
|
|
|
LUQ |
Left upper quadrant |
|
|
|
RUQ |
Right upper quadrant |
|
|
|
LUQ |
Left upper quadrant |
|
|
|
RLQ |
Right lower quadrant |
|
|
|
RUQ |
Right upper quadrant |
|
|
|
LUQ |
Left upper quadrant |
|
|
|
RLQ |
Right lower quadrant |
|
|
|
LLQ |
Left lower quadrant |
|
|
|
RUQ |
Right upper quadrant |
|
|
|
LUQ |
Left upper quadrant |
|
|
|
RLQ |
Right lower quadrant |
|
|
|
LLQ |
Left lower quadrant |
|
|
|
Cervical -division of the back |
Neck region (C1-C7) |
|
|
|
Thoracic- division of back |
Chest region (T1-T12) |
|
|
|
Lumbar- division of the back |
Loin (waist) region (L1-L5) |
|
|
|
Lumbar- division of the back |
Loin (waist) region (L1-L5) |
|
|
|
Sacral- division of the back |
Region of the sacrum (S1-S5) |
|
|
|
Lumbar- division of the back |
Loin (waist) region (L1-L5) |
|
|
|
Sacral- division of the back |
Region of the sacrum (S1-S5) |
|
|
|
Coccygeal |
Region of the coccyx (tailbone) |
|
|
|
Vertebra |
Single backbone |
|
|
|
Vertebrae |
Backbones |
|
|
|
Vertebrae |
Backbones |
|
|
|
Spinal column |
Bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity |
|
|
|
Vertebrae |
Backbones |
|
|
|
Spinal column |
Bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity |
|
|
|
Spinal cord |
Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity |
|
|
|
Vertebrae |
Backbones |
|
|
|
Spinal column |
Bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity |
|
|
|
Spinal cord |
Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity |
|
|
|
Disk (disc) |
Pad of cartilage between vertebrae |
|
|
|
Anterior (ventral) |
Front surface of the body |
|
|
|
Anterior (ventral) |
Front surface of the body |
|
|
|
Deep |
Away from the surface |
|
|
|
Anterior (ventral) |
Front surface of the body |
|
|
|
Deep |
Away from the surface |
|
|
|
Distal |
Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure |
|
|
|
Anterior (ventral) |
Front surface of the body |
|
|
|
Deep |
Away from the surface |
|
|
|
Distal |
Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure |
|
|
|
Frontal (coronal) plane |
Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions |
|
|
|
Anterior (ventral) |
Front surface of the body |
|
|
|
Deep |
Away from the surface |
|
|
|
Distal |
Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure |
|
|
|
Frontal (coronal) plane |
Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions |
|
|
|
Inferior (caudal) |
Below another structure; pertaining to the tail or lower portion of the body |
|
|
|
Lateral |
Pertaining to the side |
|
|
|
Lateral |
Pertaining to the side |
|
|
|
Medial |
Pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body |
|
|
|
Lateral |
Pertaining to the side |
|
|
|
Medial |
Pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body |
|
|
|
Posterior (dorsal) |
Back surface of the body |
|
|
|
Lateral |
Pertaining to the side |
|
|
|
Medial |
Pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body |
|
|
|
Posterior (dorsal) |
Back surface of the body |
|
|
|
Prone |
Lying on the belly |
|
|
|
Lateral |
Pertaining to the side |
|
|
|
Medial |
Pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body |
|
|
|
Posterior (dorsal) |
Back surface of the body |
|
|
|
Prone |
Lying on the belly |
|
|
|
Proximal |
Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of the structure |
|
|
|
Lateral |
Pertaining to the side |
|
|
|
Medial |
Pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body |
|
|
|
Posterior (dorsal) |
Back surface of the body |
|
|
|
Prone |
Lying on the belly |
|
|
|
Proximal |
Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of the structure |
|
|
|
Sagittal (lateral) plane |
Lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides |
|
|
|
Superficial |
On the surface |
|
|
|
Superficial |
On the surface |
|
|
|
Superior (cephalic) |
Above another structure; pertaining to the head |
|
|
|
Supine |
Lying on the back |
|
|
|
Supine |
Lying on the back |
|
|
|
Transverse (axial) plane |
Horizontal (cross sectional) plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions |
|
