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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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6 most abundant elements in living in organisms |
Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur. |
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4 most abundant elements in humans |
Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen. |
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Three parts of an atom |
Protons, neutrons, electrons |
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Protons |
positive, in the nucleus, 1 amu, mass number |
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Electrons |
negative, energy levels, 0 amu, mass number |
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Neutrons |
neutral, in the nucleus, 1 amu, mass number + number of neutrons |
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Ions |
same element, different number of electrons |
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Isotopes |
same element, different number of neutrons and different masses |
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Low Use of Radiation |
PET scan |
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High Use of Radiation |
Kill cancer using chemo |
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Electron arrangement in electron configuration |
1st level- 2 2nd level- 8 3rd-18 4th-32 (number of elements in that row) outer most layer has 8 |
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Octet Rule |
An element will share, donate, or accept electrons with other elements to fill its outer shell (s&p) & satisfy the octet rule. |
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Ionic Bonds |
Metals and nonmetals. Metals donate their electrons and nonmetals gain to get 8. Metals lose electrons and are positive. Nonmetals gain to be negative. |
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Covalent Bonds |
Only nonmetals. They share their valence electrons so that they each have 8. |
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Polar |
Uneven sharing. |
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Non-polar |
Even sharing. |
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Electronegativity |
the strength of an atom at stealing electrons |
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Hydrogen Bonds |
When the oxygen (-) of one water is attracted to the hydrogen (+) of a different water molecule. |
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Vänder Waal Interactions |
More passive than a hydrogen bond. When compounds with opposite charges attract for just an instant. |
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Bonds Weakest to Strongest |
Vander Waal interactions, hydrogen bonds, ionic bond, covalent bonds |
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Water: Polarity, Shape, Dissolution |
Polar, BENT, dissolves polar substances |
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Why is water less dense as a solid? |
Hydrogen bonds. |
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High Heat Capacity |
Can hold a lot of heat (water) |
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High Heat of Vaporization |
It takes a lot of heat to turn water |
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Water is Cohesive |
Water sticks to other waters. |
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Water is Adhesive |
Water will stick to other things. |
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High Surface Tension |
It is hard to break the surface. |
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Acid |
contains (H) |
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Base |
(OH) |
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Neutral |
when (H) and (OH) |
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Buffer |
a solution that can maintain a nearly constant pH if it is diluted |
