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20 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Matter

Occupies space and has mass.

Element

A substance that cannot be broken down into substances with different properties. 1 type of atom.

Atom

Smallest part of an element that displays properties of the element

Atomic number

Number of protons

Mass Number

Number of protons and neutrons

Isotopes

Same element with differing number of neutrons.

High Levels of radiation uses.

1. Damage DNA


2. Sterilise Equipment


3. Targeting cancer cells

Octet Rule:

Outermost shell is most stable when full of 8 electrons. Unless one level, then 2.

Ion

Atom that has lost electrons

Ionic Bond

Electrons transferred from one atom to another atom and these oppositely charged ions are attracted to one another.

Non polar Covalent Bond

electrons shared equally between atoms

Polar Covalent Bond

Electrons shared unequally

Electronegativity

ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a bond.

Hydrogen Bond

A weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen and a slightly negative oxygen.

Properties of water (5)

1. High heat capacity.


2. High heat of vapourisation.


3. A good solvent.


4. Cohesive and adhesive.


5. Ice less dense than water.

pH

Measure of hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.

Acids

Dissociate in water, creating H+ ions

Bases

Either take up H+ ions or release OH- ions

pH scale

indicates acidity or alkalinity

Buffer

A chemical or chemical combination that keeps pH in normal limits.