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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Science |
A logical system that bases knowledge on direct, systematic observation |
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Empirical evidence |
Information we can verify with our senses |
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Scientific sociology |
The study of society based on systematic observation of social behavior |
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Concept |
A mental construct that represents some part of the world in a simplified form |
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Variable |
A concept whose value changes from case to case |
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Measurement |
A procedure for determining the value of a variable in a specific case |
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Operationalize a variable |
Specifying exactly what is to be measured before assigning a value to a variable |
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Reliability |
Consistency in measurement |
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Validity |
Actually measuring exactly what you intend to measure |
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Cause and effect |
A relationship in which change in one variable causes change in another |
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Independent variable |
The variable that causes the change |
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Dependent variable |
The variable that changes |
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Correlation |
A relationship in which two (or more) variables change together |
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Spurious correlation |
An apparent but false relationship between two (or more) variables that is caused by some other variable |
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Control |
Holding constant all variables except one in order to see clearly the effect of that variable |
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Objectivity |
Personal neutrality in conducting research |
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Replication |
Repetition of research by other investigators |
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Interpretive sociology |
The study of society that focuses on the meanings people attach to their social world |
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Critical sociology |
The study of society that focuses on the need for social change |
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Gender |
The personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being male or female |
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Research method |
A systematic plan for doing research |
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Experiment |
A research method for investigating cause and effect under highly controlled conditions |
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Hypothesis |
A statement of a possible relationship between two (or more) variables |
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Hawthorne effect |
A change in a subject's behavior caused simply by the awareness of being studied |
People work better when they know they're being watched |
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Survey |
A research method in which subjects respond to a series of statements or questions in a questionnaire or an interview |
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Population |
The people who are the focus of research |
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Sample |
A part of a population that represents the whole |
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Questionnaire |
A series of written questions a researcher presents to subjects |
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Interview |
A series of questions a researcher asks respondents in person |
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Participant observation |
A research method in which investigators systematically observe people while joining them in their routine activities |
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Inductive logical thought |
Reasoning that transforms specific observations into general theory |
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Deductive logical thought |
Reasoning that transforms general theory into specific hypothesis suitable for testing |
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