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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chemistry |
Considers the composition of substances and how they change. |
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Matter |
Anything that has weight and takes up space. |
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Atom |
Smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element. |
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Electron (e-) |
Extremely small particle with almost no weigjt: carries a negative electrical charge and is in constant motion around an atomic nucleus. |
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Proton (p+) |
Relatively large atomic particle; carries a positive electrical charge and is found within an atomic nucleus. |
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Neutron |
Particle with about the same weight as a proton; uncharged and thus electricay neutral; found within an atomic nucleus. |
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Elements |
All matter is composed of fundamental substances called elements. |
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Compounds |
Elements that exist in pure form and are commonly parts of chemical combinations. |
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Bulk elements |
Elements that the body requires in large amounts. Ex: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus. |
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Trace elements |
Elements required in small amounts. Many trace elements are important parts of enzymes, which are proteins that regulate the rates of chemical reactions in living organisms. |
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Ultratrace elements |
Elements that are toxic in large amounts such as arsenic, may he vital in very small amounts. |
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Chemical bonds |
When atoms combine with atoms like themselves or with other atoms by forming attractions. |
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Atomic number |
The number of protons in the atoms of a particular element. |
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Atomic weight |
The number of protons plus the number of neutrons in each element's atoms. |
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Atomic weight |
The number of protons plus the number of neutrons in each element's atoms. |
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Isotopes |
Atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic weights. |
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Isotopes |
Atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic weights. |
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Alpha |
Radiation consists of particles from atomic nuclei, each of which includes two protons and two neutrons, that move slowly and cannot easily penetrate matter. |
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Beta |
Radiation consists of much smaller particles (electrons) that travel faster and more deeply penetrate matter. |
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Gamma |
Radiation is a form of energy similar yo X-radiation and is the most penetrating form of atomic radiation. |
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Molecule |
When two or more atoms combibe to form a distinctive type of particle. |
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Molecular formula |
Is used to depict the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule. |
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Electron shells |
Encircle the nucleus. Each electron shell can hold a limited number of electrons. |
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Electron shells |
Encircle the nucleus. Each electron shell can hold a limited number of electrons. |
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Ions |
Atoms that gain or lose electrons. |
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Cations |
Positively charged ions. |
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Anions |
Negatively charged ions. |
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Ionic bonds |
When ions with opposite charges attract. |
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Covalent bond |
A chemical bond between atoms that share electrons. |
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Active Transport |
Ex; Particles moved across cell membranes by active transport include sugars, amino acids, sodium, potassium, calcium and hydrogen ions. |
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Electrolytes |
Substances that release ions in water. |
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Acids |
Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water. |
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Bases |
Electrolytes that release ions that combine with hydrogen ions in water. |
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Chemical reaction |
Occurs as bonds are formed OR broken between atoms, ions or molecules. |
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pH |
Represents the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. |
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Oxygen |
Is needed to release energy from nutrients and is used to drive the cell's metabolism. |
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Carbon Dioxide |
Is released as a waste product during energy releasing metabolic reactions. |
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Inorganic Salts |
Are the sources of ions of sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, etc. These electrolytes play important roles in many of the body's metabolic processes. |
