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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Culture--What is it? How is culture different from scoeity?

-"way of life" or "recipe for living" shared by a particular people


- the values, beliefs, and material objects together form a people's way of life


- Culture is socially construed


-Culture is learned



Ethnocentrism

- the tendency to use the norms and values of our own culture as standards against wheich to judge other peoples' practices



Cultural Relativism

- the idea that each cultural trait be evaluated within its own cultural context

The Components of Culture

1. Symbols- anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by members of a culture


2. Language- Grammatically complex system of symbols that form an embodiment of culture and a framework for culture


3. Norms- shared rules of conduct that specify what people ought or ought not do in specific settings


4. Values- shared ideas about desirable goals


5. Rituals culturally patterned ways of expressing central values and recurring concerns


6. Material Culture- tools, objects, and other material manifestations of culture

Norms

A. Folkway- customary, habitual was of doing things, no strong feeling of right or wrong attaches to them


B. More- morms that associates with strong feelings of right and wrong, they carry a strong moral connotation. Violation of mores can result in ostracism, stunning legal punishment, revulsion, etc


C. Laws- formalized rules of conduct enforced by public agencies (police, government)



Key Values of U.S Culture

1. Equal Opportuntiy


2. Achievement and Success


3. Material Comfort


4. Activity and work


5. Practicality and efficiency


6. Progress


7. Science


8. Democracy and Free Enterprise


9. Freedom


10. Racism and group superiority

The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

- people see and understand the world through the cultural lens of language. we do fashion reality out of our symbols, evidence supports the claim that languages does not determine reality



Technology and Sociocultural evolution:

-knowledge that people use to make a way of life in their surroundings


- the historical changes in cultural brought about by new technology



hunting and gathering society

-the use of tools to hunt animals and gather vegetation for good


-Do not have formal leaders.


-Vulnerable to the forces of nature

Horticulture

the use of hand tools to raise crops



Posteralism

The domestication of animals



Agricultural societies
-agriculture- large scale cultivation using plows harnessed to animals or more powerful energy sources
Industrial Society
The production of goods using advanced sources of energy to drive large machinery

Post-Industrial Society
The production of information using computer technology
High Culture

Culture patterns that distinguish a society's elite



Popular Culture
Cultural patterns that are widespread among a society's population
Subculture

Groups that shares in the overall culture of a society but also maintains a distinctive set of values, norms, lifestyles, etc



Counterculture

Group that has values, beliefs, or lifesytles that are opposed to those of the larger culture



Multiculturalism
A perspecitive recognizing the cultural diversity of the united states and promoting equal standing for all cultural traditions
Cultural Lag
The fact atha some cultural elements change more quickly than others, disrupting a cultural system
Functionalist

-explains culture as a complex strategy for meeting human needs


- Value and norms exist because they serve as specific function for members of society(in terms of survival, practicality, group and cohesion,etc.)



Conflict Theory

-values and norms are not neutral, what is considered good and fair benefits some people over others, they are creations of society's most powerful members.



Sociobiology

-culture is a system of behavior that is partly shaped by human biology. Rooted in humanity's biological evolution



Cultural Hegemony
-refers to the control over the production of values and norms that is exercised bye those in power( the dominant groups in society)