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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The belief that accurate knowledge can be acquired through observation
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Empiricism
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A procedure for finding truth by using empirical evidence
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Scientific method
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A hypothetical explanation of a natural phenomenon
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Theory |
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A falsifiable prediction made by a theory
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Hypothesis |
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Participants may not take part in a psychological study unless they have given informed consent
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Informed Consent |
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Psychologists may not coerce participation
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Freedom fro coercion |
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Psychologists must take every possible precaution to protect their research participants from physical or psychological harm
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Protection from harm
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Although participants may be asked to accept small risks, they must not even be asked to accept large risks |
Risk- benefit analysis |
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Psychologists may only use deception when it is justified by the study's scientific, educational, or applied value and when alternative procedures are not feasible |
Deception |
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If a participant is deceived in any way before or during a study the psychologist must provide a debriefing
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Debriefing |
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Psychologists are obligated to keep private and personal information obtained during a study confidential
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Confidentiality
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The analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind
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Structuralism |
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The goodness with which a concrete event defines a property
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Validity
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The tendency for an instrument to produce the same measurement whenever it is used to measure the same thing |
Reliability |
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A technique for gathering scientific information by unobtrusively observing people in their natural environments
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Naturalistic Observation |
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Expectations can influence observations |
Observer Bias |
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An observation whose true purpose is hidden from both the observer and the person being observed
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Double- blind |
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A property whose value can vary across individuals or over time |
Variable |
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Two variables are said to be correlated when variations in the value of one variable are synchronized with variations in the value of the other |
Correlation |
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Two variables are correlated only because each is causally related to a third variable
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Third- variable correlation |
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The methods of psychological investigation take _____ into account because when people know they are being studied, they don't always behave as they otherwise would.
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Empirical Method
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Variable that is manipulated
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independent variable |
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The variable that is measured |
Dependent Variable
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A procedure that lets chance assign people to the experimental or control group |
Random Assignment
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The group of people who are not exposed to the particular manipulation as compared to the control group in an experiment |
Experimental Group
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The group of people who are not exposed to a particular manipulation, as compared to the experimental group in and experiment |
Control Group |
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A complete collection of participants who might possibly be measured |
Population |
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A partial collection of people drown from a population
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Sample |
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A technique for choosing participants that ensures that every member of a population has an equal chance of being included in sample |
Random Sampling
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An attribute of an experiment that allows it to establish casual relationships
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Internal Validity |
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The closer an experiment is to the real world the more psychologists claim it has.....
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External Validity |
