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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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atom |
smallest basic unit of matter
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element
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substance made of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down by chemical meanscom
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compound
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substance made of atoms of different elements that are bonded together in a particular region
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ion
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atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons
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ionic bond
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chemical bond formed through the electrical force between oppositely charged ions
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base
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compound that accepts a proton (H+) when dissolved in solution
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pH
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measurement of acidity; related to free hydrogen ion concentration in solition
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covalent bond |
chemical bond formed when two atoms share
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molecule
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two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds; not necessarily a compound
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hydrogen bond
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attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and. slightly negative atom
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cohesion
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attraction between molecules of the same substance
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adhesion |
attraction between molecules of different substances
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solution |
mixture that is consistent throughout; also called homogeneous mixture
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solvent
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substance in which solutes dissolve and that is present in greatest concentration in a solution
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solute
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substance that dissolves in a solvent and is present at lower concentration than the solvent
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acid
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compound that donates a proton (H+) when dissolved in. solution
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monomer |
molecular subunit of a polymer |
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polymer |
large, carbon-based molecule former by monomers |
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carbohydrate |
molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes sugars and starches |
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lipid |
nonpolar molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes fats and oils |
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fatty acid |
hydrocarbon chain often bonded to glycerol in a lipid |
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protein |
polymer composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds; folds into a particular structure depending on bonds between amino acids |
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amino acid |
molecule that makes up proteins; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur |
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nucleic acid |
polymer of nucleotides; the genetic material of organism |
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chemical reaction |
process by which substances change into different substances through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds |
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reactant |
substance that is changed by a chemical reaction |
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product |
substance formed by a chemical reaction |
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bond energry |
amount of energy needed to break a bond between 2 particular atoms; or the amount of energy released when a bond forms between 2 particular atoms |
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equilibrium |
condition in which reactants and products of a chemical reaction formed at the same rate |
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activation energy |
energy input necessary to initiate a chemical reaction |
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exothermic |
chemical reaction that yields a net release of energy in the form of heat |
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endothermic |
chemical reaction that requires a net input of energy |
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catalyst |
substance that decreases activation energy and increases reaction rate in a chemical reaction |
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enzyme |
protein that catalyzes chemical reactions for organisms |
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substrate |
reactant in a chemical reaction upon which an enzyme acts |
