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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Scientific Method
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A logical approach to solving problems by observing and collecting data, formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses, and formulating theories that are supported by data.
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Hypothesis
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A testable statement. The basis for making predictions and conducting further experiments.
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Theory
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A broad generalization that explains a body of facts or phenomena. Considered successful if they can predict the results of many new experiments.
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System
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A specific portion of matter in a given region of space that has been selected for study during an experiment or observation.
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Model
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More than a physical object. Often an explanation of how phenomena occur and how data or events are related.
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Quantity
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Something that has magnitude, size, or amount. Not the same as a measurement.
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SI
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Le Système International d’Unités. Adopted in 1960 by the General Conference on Weights and Measures. Seven base unites, and most other unites are derived from SI.
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SI Base Unites
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Seven unites used in SI. Many other unites derived from these seven. Many are commonly used.
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Length, mass, time, and temperature
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Mass is a measure of the quantity of matter. Measured in kilograms. Length is measured in meters. Time is measured in seconds. Temperature is measured in kelvin.
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Mega, Kilo, Centi, Milli, Micro, and Nano
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SI Prefixes. Each has an abbreviation, an exponential factor, and a factor of 10 number associated with it.
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Weight
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Not mass. The measure of gravitational pull on matter.
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Derived Units
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Combinations of SI base units for these. Example: Area.
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Volume
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A derived SI unit. Uses LxWxH. The amount of space occupied by an object.
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Density
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A derived SI unit. Uses M/V. The ratio of mass to volume, or mass divided by volume.
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Conversational Factor
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A ratio derived from the equality between two different unites that can be used to convert from one unit to the other.
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Accuracy
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The closeness of measurements to the correct or accepted value of the quantity measured.
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Precision
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The closeness of a set of measurements of the same quantity made in the same way.
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Percent Error
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Calculated by subtracting the experimental value from the accepted value, dividing the difference by the accepted value, and then multiplying by 100.
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Significant Figures
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Consist of all digits known with certainty plus one final digit, which is somewhat uncertain or is estimated.
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Rounding
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A method used to make sure that the degree of certainty matches the original degree(s) of certainty from the numbers used in an equation. Also used to round off a decimal. Example: 3.66666666 = 3.67 (depending on where you are asked to round, and what the purpose of you rounding is).
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Scientific Notation
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A method where numbers are written in the form M x 10^n, where the factor M is a number greater than or equal to 1 but less than 10 and n is a whole number. Used to shorten really big or small (decimal) numbers.
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Directly Proportional
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Two quantities that divide one by the other and give a constant value. Example: Mass v. volume.
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Inversely Proportional
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Two quantities that produce a constant product. Example: Pressure-volume.
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